问题
I have tried to test my code with robolectric. Problem is that it has duplicated References. e.g.
java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Duplicate class org.apache.maven.artifact.Artifact found in modules maven-ant-tasks-2.1.3.jar (org.apache.maven:maven-ant-tasks:2.1.3) and maven-artifact-2.2.1.jar (org.apache.maven:maven-artifact:2.2.1)
I have used the gradel artifact app:dependencies to get the following report. Here the important parts:
+--- org.robolectric:robolectric:4.3
| +--- org.robolectric:annotations:4.3
| +--- org.robolectric:junit:4.3
| | +--- org.robolectric:annotations:4.3
| | +--- org.robolectric:sandbox:4.3
| | | +--- org.robolectric:annotations:4.3
| | | +--- org.robolectric:utils:4.3
| | | | +--- org.robolectric:annotations:4.3
| | | | +--- org.robolectric:pluginapi:4.3
| | | | | +--- org.robolectric:annotations:4.3
| | | | | +--- org.apache.ant:ant:1.8.0
| | | | | | \--- org.apache.ant:ant-launcher:1.8.0
| | | | | \--- org.apache.maven:maven-ant-tasks:2.1.3
| | | | | +--- org.apache.ant:ant:1.8.0 (*)
| | | | | +--- classworlds:classworlds:1.1-alpha-2
| | | | | +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-container-default:1.0-alpha-9-stable-1
| | | | | | +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.0.4 -> 1.5.15
| | | | | | \--- classworlds:classworlds:1.1-alpha-2
| | | | | +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.5.15
| | | | | +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-interpolation:1.11
| | | | | +--- org.apache.maven:maven-artifact:2.2.1
| | | | | | \--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.5.15
| | | | | +--- org.apache.maven:maven-artifact-manager:2.2.1
| | | | | | +--- org.apache.maven:maven-repository-metadata:2.2.1
| | | | | | | \--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.5.15
| | | | | | +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.5.15
| | | | | | +--- org.apache.maven:maven-artifact:2.2.1 (*)
| | | | | | +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-container-default:1.0-alpha-9-stable-1 (*)
| | | | | | +--- org.apache.maven.wagon:wagon-provider-api:1.0-beta-6
| | | | | | | \--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.4.2 -> 1.5.15
| | | | | | \--- backport-util-concurrent:backport-util-concurrent:3.1
| | | | | +--- org.apache.maven:maven-model:2.2.1
| | | | | | \--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.5.15
| | | | | +--- org.apache.maven:maven-project:2.2.1
| | | | | | +--- org.apache.maven:maven-settings:2.2.1
| | | | | | | +--- org.apache.maven:maven-model:2.2.1 (*)
| | | | | | | +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-interpolation:1.11
| | | | | | | +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.5.15
| | | | | | | \--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-container-default:1.0-alpha-9-stable-1 (*)
| | | | | | +--- org.apache.maven:maven-profile:2.2.1
| | | | | | | +--- org.apache.maven:maven-model:2.2.1 (*)
| | | | | | | +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.5.15
| | | | | | | +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-interpolation:1.11
| | | | | | | \--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-container-default:1.0-alpha-9-stable-1 (*)
| | | | | | +--- org.apache.maven:maven-model:2.2.1 (*)
| | | | | | +--- org.apache.maven:maven-artifact-manager:2.2.1 (*)
| | | | | | +--- org.apache.maven:maven-plugin-registry:2.2.1
| | | | | | | +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.5.15
| | | | | | | \--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-container-default:1.0-alpha-9-stable-1 (*)
| | | | | | +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-interpolation:1.11
| | | | | | +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.5.15
| | | | | | +--- org.apache.maven:maven-artifact:2.2.1 (*)
| | | | | | \--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-container-default:1.0-alpha-9-stable-1 (*)
| | | | | +--- org.apache.maven:maven-error-diagnostics:2.2.1
| | | | | | \--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-container-default:1.0-alpha-9-stable-1 (*)
| | | | | +--- org.apache.maven:maven-settings:2.2.1 (*)
| | | | | +--- org.apache.maven.wagon:wagon-file:1.0-beta-6
| | | | | | \--- org.apache.maven.wagon:wagon-provider-api:1.0-beta-6 (*)
| | | | | +--- org.apache.maven.wagon:wagon-http-lightweight:1.0-beta-6
| | | | | | +--- org.apache.maven.wagon:wagon-http-shared:1.0-beta-6
| | | | | | | +--- nekohtml:xercesMinimal:1.9.6.2
| | | | | | | +--- nekohtml:nekohtml:1.9.6.2
| | | | | | | \--- org.apache.maven.wagon:wagon-provider-api:1.0-beta-6 (*)
| | | | | | \--- org.apache.maven.wagon:wagon-provider-api:1.0-beta-6 (*)
| | | | | \--- org.apache.maven.wagon:wagon-provider-api:1.0-beta-6 (*)
| | | | +--- org.robolectric:utils-reflector:4.3
| | | | | +--- org.ow2.asm:asm:7.0
| | | | | +--- org.ow2.asm:asm-commons:7.0
| | | | | | +--- org.ow2.asm:asm:7.0
| | | | | | +--- org.ow2.asm:asm-tree:7.0
| | | | | | | \--- org.ow2.asm:asm:7.0
| | | | | | \--- org.ow2.asm:asm-analysis:7.0
| | | | | | \--- org.ow2.asm:asm-tree:7.0 (*)
| | | | | \--- org.ow2.asm:asm-util:7.0
| | | | | +--- org.ow2.asm:asm:7.0
| | | | | +--- org.ow2.asm:asm-tree:7.0 (*)
| | | | | \--- org.ow2.asm:asm-analysis:7.0 (*)
| | | | +--- com.google.auto.service:auto-service:1.0-rc4
| | | | | +--- com.google.auto:auto-common:0.8
| | | | | | \--- com.google.guava:guava:19.0 -> 27.0.1-jre
| | | | | | +--- com.google.guava:failureaccess:1.0.1
| | | | | | +--- com.google.guava:listenablefuture:9999.0-empty-to-avoid-conflict-with-guava
| | | | | | +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:3.0.2
| | | | | | +--- org.checkerframework:checker-qual:2.5.2
| | | | | | +--- com.google.errorprone:error_prone_annotations:2.2.0
| | | | | | +--- com.google.j2objc:j2objc-annotations:1.1
| | | | | | \--- org.codehaus.mojo:animal-sniffer-annotations:1.17
| | | | | \--- com.google.guava:guava:23.5-jre -> 27.0.1-jre (*)
| | | | +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
| | | | \--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.3.2
| | | +--- org.robolectric:shadowapi:4.3
| | | | \--- org.robolectric:annotations:4.3
| | | +--- org.robolectric:utils-reflector:4.3 (*)
| | | +--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.3.2
| | | +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
| | | +--- org.ow2.asm:asm:7.0
| | | +--- org.ow2.asm:asm-commons:7.0 (*)
| | | \--- com.google.guava:guava:27.0.1-jre (*)
| | +--- org.robolectric:pluginapi:4.3 (*)
| | +--- org.robolectric:shadowapi:4.3 (*)
| | \--- org.robolectric:utils-reflector:4.3 (*)
| +--- org.robolectric:pluginapi:4.3 (*)
| +--- org.robolectric:resources:4.3
| | +--- org.robolectric:utils:4.3 (*)
| | +--- org.robolectric:annotations:4.3
| | +--- org.robolectric:pluginapi:4.3 (*)
| | \--- com.google.guava:guava:27.0.1-jre (*)
| +--- org.robolectric:sandbox:4.3 (*)
| +--- org.robolectric:utils:4.3 (*)
| +--- org.robolectric:utils-reflector:4.3 (*)
| +--- org.robolectric:plugins-maven-dependency-resolver:4.3
| | +--- org.robolectric:pluginapi:4.3 (*)
| | +--- org.robolectric:utils:4.3 (*)
| | +--- org.apache.ant:ant:1.8.0 (*)
| | \--- org.apache.maven:maven-ant-tasks:2.1.3 (*)
| +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
| +--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.3.2
| +--- org.robolectric:shadows-framework:4.3
| | +--- org.robolectric:annotations:4.3
| | +--- org.robolectric:resources:4.3 (*)
| | +--- org.robolectric:pluginapi:4.3 (*)
| | +--- org.robolectric:shadowapi:4.3 (*)
| | +--- org.robolectric:utils:4.3 (*)
| | +--- org.robolectric:utils-reflector:4.3 (*)
| | +--- androidx.test:monitor:1.2.0 -> 1.3.0-alpha02 (*)
| | +--- com.almworks.sqlite4java:sqlite4java:0.282
| | +--- com.ibm.icu:icu4j:53.1
| | +--- com.google.android.apps.common.testing.accessibility.framework:accessibility-test-framework:2.1
| | | +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
| | | +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*)
| | | \--- com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:2.6.1
| | \--- androidx.annotation:annotation:1.0.0
| +--- org.bouncycastle:bcprov-jdk15on:1.52
| \--- androidx.test:monitor:1.2.0 -> 1.3.0-alpha02 (*)
How to resolve the reference error? It seems to me that robolectric has the same class in diffrent dependencies?
I use the following build script: apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'idea'
idea {
module {
downloadJavadoc = true
downloadSources = true
}
}
android {
compileSdkVersion 28
buildToolsVersion '28.0.3'
useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy'
useLibrary 'android.test.runner'
useLibrary 'android.test.base'
useLibrary 'android.test.mock'
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.example.sampleapp"
minSdkVersion 16
targetSdkVersion 28
testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
testOptions {
unitTests {
includeAndroidResources = true
}
}
}
dependencies {
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:rules:1.2.0'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:core:1.2.1-alpha02'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.2.0'
androidTestImplementation 'org.robolectric:robolectric:4.3'
// Mail-Versand
implementation 'com.sun.mail:android-mail:1.6.2'
implementation 'com.sun.mail:android-activation:1.6.2'
implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.0.2'//
implementation 'com.github.woxthebox:draglistview:1.6.6'
}
How to fix that?
Issue on github is open: https://github.com/robolectric/robolectric/issues/5235
回答1:
Finally get the test running. I've excluded all libs with duplicated classes:
testImplementation ("org.robolectric:robolectric:4.3"){
exclude group: 'org.apache.maven', module: 'maven-artifact'
exclude group: 'org.apache.maven', module: 'maven-artifact-manager'
exclude group: 'org.apache.maven', module: 'maven-model'
exclude group: 'org.apache.maven', module: 'maven-plugin-registry'
exclude group: 'org.apache.maven', module: 'maven-profile'
exclude group: 'org.apache.maven', module: 'maven-project'
exclude group: 'org.apache.maven', module: 'maven-settings'
exclude group: 'org.apache.maven', module: 'maven-error-diagnostics'
exclude group: "org.apache.maven.wagon"
}
Not all possibilities testes but a simple test worked already.
回答2:
This probably could be written in more general way:
testImplementation ("org.robolectric:robolectric:4.3") {
exclude group "org.apache.maven.wagon"
exclude group "org.apache.maven"
}
or even:
testImplementation ("org.robolectric:robolectric:4.3") {
exclude group "org.apache.maven", name: "maven-ant-tasks"
}
because it is maven-ant-tasks of pluginapi, which pulls in org.apache.maven dependencies.
回答3:
I've encountered the same issue and the thing that helped me was that I had defined the Roboelectric dependency twice in Gradle file one with androidTestImplementation and the other with testImplementation so when I removed the first part problem solved!!!
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/57594179/how-to-resolve-duplicated-gradle-dependency-issues