Prolog separating into two lists issue

问题

I have a prolog assignment.

I need to look at the first item in a list, see if its following items are the same until they are not and separate the lists by the first item and its duplicates. e.g if my list was a,a,a,b,c it would separate it into first: a,a,a. second: b,c.

My current solution works except that the final matching item comes into the second list, not the first. I can't seem to think of a way to get it to appear in the first list instead.

grab([],[],[]).
grab([A,A|L],[A|L2],Rest) :- grab([A|L],L2,Rest).
grab([A|L],Init,[A|L2]) :- grab(L,Init,L2).

回答1:

When the first two elements are different you do not need a recursive goal.

grab([], [], []).
grab([A,A|Rest], [A|As], L2):- !, grab([A|Rest], As, L2).
grab([A|Tail], [A], Tail).

回答2:

grab(Xs, Ys, Zs) :-
   eqprefix(Xs, Ys, Zs).

eqprefix([],[],[]).
eqprefix([X],[],[X]).
eqprefix([X,Y|Xs], [], [X,Y|Xs]) :-
    dif(X,Y).
eqprefix([X,X|Xs], [X|Ys], Zs) :-
   eqprefix2([X|Xs], Ys, Zs).

eqprefix2([X], [X], []).
eqprefix2([X,Y|Xs], [X], [Y|Xs]) :-
    dif(X,Y).
eqprefix2([X,X|Xs], [X|Ys], Zs) :-
    eqprefix2([X|Xs], Ys, Zs).

?- eqprefix([a,a,a,b,c],Ys,Zs).
Ys = [a, a, a],
Zs = [b, c] ;
false.

?- eqprefix(Xs,[a,a,a],[b,c]).
Xs = [a, a, a, b, c] ;
false.

?- eqprefix([A,B,C,D,E],[a|Ys],[b,c]).
A = B, B = C, C = a,
D = b,
E = c,
Ys = [a, a] ;
false.

In the definition you gave, you get many different answers:

?- grab([a,a,a,b,c],Ys,Zs).
  Ys = [a, a], Zs = [a, b, c]
; Ys = [a],    Zs = [a, a, b, c]
; Ys = [a],    Zs = [a, a, b, c]
; Ys = [],     Zs = [a, a, a, b, c].

回答3:

Here is a solution using dcgs. Most interesting is here the usage of a non-terminal that is not context-free. I will start with an attempt that is too general:

grab_tentative(Xs, Ys, Zs) :-
   phrase((seq(Ys),seq(Zs)), Xs).

seq([]) --> [].
seq([E|Es]) --> [E], seq(Es).

grab_tentative/3 ensures that Xs consists of Ys concatenated with Zs. That is way too general, but all intended solutions are already included.

?- Xs = [A,B,C], grab_tentative(Xs,Ys,Zs).
   Xs = Zs, Zs = [A, B, C], Ys = []
;  Xs = [A, B, C], Ys = [A], Zs = [B, C]
;  Xs = [A, B, C], Ys = [A, B], Zs = [C]
;  Xs = Ys, Ys = [A, B, C], Zs = []
;  false.

The first answer says that Ys = [], but (as has been clarified by @Sarah), Ys should always be a non-empty list, so we can restrict the answers to non-empty lists:

grab_tentative(Xs, Ys, Zs) :-
   Ys = [_|_],
   phrase((seq(Ys),seq(Zs)), Xs).

The answers Xs = [A, B, C], Ys = [A, B], Zs = [C] and Xs = Ys, Ys = [A, B, C], Zs = [] both permit that A and B are different. So we have to add that they are the same:

grab_tentative(Xs, Ys, Zs) :-
   Ys = [A|_],
   phrase((all_seq(=(A),Ys),seq(Zs)), Xs).

all_seq(_, []) --> [].
all_seq(C_1, [C|Cs]) -->
   [C],
   {call(C_1,C)},
   all_seq(C_1, Cs).

Now, the answers are already a bit better:

?- Xs = [A,B,C], grab_tentative(Xs,Ys,Zs).
   Xs = [A, B, C], Ys = [A], Zs = [B, C]
;  Xs = [B, B, C], A = B, Ys = [B, B], Zs = [C]
;  Xs = Ys, Ys = [C, C, C], A = B, B = C, Zs = []
;  false.

The first answer includes that A = B. So, it really should contain dif(A,B). To do so we need to introduce such a context. Here is way to do this. Note that or_end//1 is like []//0, except that it ensures some extra condition.

grab_final(Xs, Ys, Zs) :-
   Ys = [A|_],
   phrase((all_seq(=(A),Ys), or_end(dif(A)), seq(Zs)), Xs).

or_end(C_1) -->
  call(cond_or_end(C_1)). % interface to predicates

cond_or_end(_C_1, [], []).
cond_or_end(C_1, [E|Es], [E|Es]) :-

Now, the answers are as expected:

?- Xs = [A,B,C], grab_final(Xs, Ys, Zs).
   Xs = [A, B, C], Ys = [A], Zs = [B, C], dif(A, B)
;  Xs = [B, B, C], A = B, Ys = [B, B], Zs = [C], dif(B, C)
;  Xs = Ys, Ys = [C, C, C], A = B, B = C, Zs = []
;  false.

回答4:

Here is another solution that takes into account what @Sarah wrote. Given this use, grab/3 should never succeed for an empty list for the first or second argument.

grab([A], [A], []).
grab([A,B|Bs], [A], [B|Bs]) :-
   dif(A,B).
grab([A,A|Xs], [A|As], Bs) :-
   grab([A|Xs], As, Bs).

?- Xs = [A,B], grab(Xs,Ys,Zs).
  Xs = [A, B], Ys = [A],    Zs = [B], dif(A, B)
; Xs = Ys,     Ys = [B, B], Zs = [],  A = B
; false.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24096066/prolog-separating-into-two-lists-issue

标签

prolog

prolog-dif