问题
I am able to do this with IPv4 using code snippets from various online sources. I was wondering if there was a way to do it with IPv6.
Basically I just need a form that I can enter an IPv6 address and prefix (ex: address/68) and it calculates the network address, first useable address, last useable address, and broadcast address. Then just prints to screen. Not looking to store it in a database or anything yet.
How would I go about doing this?
Thanks to everyone in advance!
回答1:
First of all: IPv6 doesn't have network and broadcast addresses. You can use all addresses in a prefix. Second: On a LAN the prefix length is always (well, 99.x% of the time) a /64. Routing a /68 would break IPv6 features like stateless auto configuration.
Below is a verbose implementation of an IPv6 prefix calculator:
<?php
/*
* This is definitely not the fastest way to do it!
*/
// An example prefix
$prefix = '2001:db8:abc:1400::/54';
// Split in address and prefix length
list($firstaddrstr, $prefixlen) = explode('/', $prefix);
// Parse the address into a binary string
$firstaddrbin = inet_pton($firstaddrstr);
// Convert the binary string to a string with hexadecimal characters
# unpack() can be replaced with bin2hex()
# unpack() is used for symmetry with pack() below
$firstaddrhex = reset(unpack('H*', $firstaddrbin));
// Overwriting first address string to make sure notation is optimal
$firstaddrstr = inet_ntop($firstaddrbin);
// Calculate the number of 'flexible' bits
$flexbits = 128 - $prefixlen;
// Build the hexadecimal string of the last address
$lastaddrhex = $firstaddrhex;
// We start at the end of the string (which is always 32 characters long)
$pos = 31;
while ($flexbits > 0) {
// Get the character at this position
$orig = substr($lastaddrhex, $pos, 1);
// Convert it to an integer
$origval = hexdec($orig);
// OR it with (2^flexbits)-1, with flexbits limited to 4 at a time
$newval = $origval | (pow(2, min(4, $flexbits)) - 1);
// Convert it back to a hexadecimal character
$new = dechex($newval);
// And put that character back in the string
$lastaddrhex = substr_replace($lastaddrhex, $new, $pos, 1);
// We processed one nibble, move to previous position
$flexbits -= 4;
$pos -= 1;
}
// Convert the hexadecimal string to a binary string
# Using pack() here
# Newer PHP version can use hex2bin()
$lastaddrbin = pack('H*', $lastaddrhex);
// And create an IPv6 address from the binary string
$lastaddrstr = inet_ntop($lastaddrbin);
// Report to user
echo "Prefix: $prefix\n";
echo "First: $firstaddrstr\n";
echo "Last: $lastaddrstr\n";
?>
It should output:
Prefix: 2001:db8:abc:1400::/54
First: 2001:db8:abc:1400::
Last: 2001:db8:abc:17ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
回答2:
For those who stumble upon this question, you can do this more effectively using the dtr_pton and dtr_ntop functions and dTRIP class found on GitHub.
We also have noticed a lack of focus and tools with IPv6 in PHP, and put together this article, http://www.highonphp.com/5-tips-for-working-with-ipv6-in-php, which may be of help to others.
Function Source
This converts and IP to a binary representation:
/**
* dtr_pton
*
* Converts a printable IP into an unpacked binary string
*
* @author Mike Mackintosh - mike@bakeryphp.com
* @param string $ip
* @return string $bin
*/
function dtr_pton( $ip ){
if(filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV4)){
return current( unpack( "A4", inet_pton( $ip ) ) );
}
elseif(filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV6)){
return current( unpack( "A16", inet_pton( $ip ) ) );
}
throw new \Exception("Please supply a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address");
return false;
}
This converts a binary representation to printable IP:
/**
* dtr_ntop
*
* Converts an unpacked binary string into a printable IP
*
* @author Mike Mackintosh - mike@bakeryphp.com
* @param string $str
* @return string $ip
*/
function dtr_ntop( $str ){
if( strlen( $str ) == 16 OR strlen( $str ) == 4 ){
return inet_ntop( pack( "A".strlen( $str ) , $str ) );
}
throw new \Exception( "Please provide a 4 or 16 byte string" );
return false;
}
Examples
Using the dtr_pton function you can:
$ip = dtr_pton("fe80:1:2:3:a:bad:1dea:dad");
$mask = dtr_pton("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0::");
Get your Network and Broadcast:
var_dump( dtr_ntop( $ip & $mask ) );
var_dump( dtr_ntop( $ip | ~ $mask ) );
And your output would be:
string(18) "fe80:1:2:3:a:ba0::"
string(26) "fe80:1:2:3:a:baf:ffff:ffff"
回答3:
Well, for posterity, I'm adding my code here. And also as a thanks to you guys who helped me nail this down as I needed it for an ipv6/ip2country script.
It's slightly inspired by code posted here by @mikemacintosh and @Sander Steffann, slightly improved (whishful thinking) and returns a nice object packing all the data you do/don't need:
/**
* This:
* <code>
* Ipv6_Prefix2Range('2001:43f8:10::/48');
* </code>
* returns this:
* <code>
* object(stdClass)#2 (4) {
* ["Prefix"]=>
* string(17) "2001:43f8:10::/48"
* ["FirstHex"]=>
* string(32) "200143f8001000000000000000000000"
* ["LastHex"]=>
* string(32) "200143f80010ffffffffffffffffffff"
* ["MaskHex"]=>
* string(32) "ffffffffffff00000000000000000000"
* // Optional bin equivalents available
* }
* </code>
*
* Tested against:
* @link https://www.ultratools.com/tools/ipv6CIDRToRange
*
* @param string $a_Prefix
* @param bool $a_WantBins
* @return object
*/
function Ipv6_Prefix2Range($a_Prefix, $a_WantBins = false){
// Validate input superficially with a RegExp and split accordingly
if(!preg_match('~^([0-9a-f:]+)[[:punct:]]([0-9]+)$~i', trim($a_Prefix), $v_Slices)){
return false;
}
// Make sure we have a valid ipv6 address
if(!filter_var($v_FirstAddress = $v_Slices[1], FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV6)){
return false;
}
// The /## end of the range
$v_PrefixLength = intval($v_Slices[2]);
if($v_PrefixLength > 128){
return false; // kind'a stupid :)
}
$v_SuffixLength = 128 - $v_PrefixLength;
// Convert the binary string to a hexadecimal string
$v_FirstAddressBin = inet_pton($v_FirstAddress);
$v_FirstAddressHex = bin2hex($v_FirstAddressBin);
// Build the hexadecimal string of the network mask
// (if the manually formed binary is too large, base_convert() chokes on it... so we split it up)
$v_NetworkMaskHex = str_repeat('1', $v_PrefixLength) . str_repeat('0', $v_SuffixLength);
$v_NetworkMaskHex_parts = str_split($v_NetworkMaskHex, 8);
foreach($v_NetworkMaskHex_parts as &$v_NetworkMaskHex_part){
$v_NetworkMaskHex_part = base_convert($v_NetworkMaskHex_part, 2, 16);
$v_NetworkMaskHex_part = str_pad($v_NetworkMaskHex_part, 2, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
}
$v_NetworkMaskHex = implode(null, $v_NetworkMaskHex_parts);
unset($v_NetworkMaskHex_part, $v_NetworkMaskHex_parts);
$v_NetworkMaskBin = inet_pton(implode(':', str_split($v_NetworkMaskHex, 4)));
// We have the network mask so we also apply it to First Address
$v_FirstAddressBin &= $v_NetworkMaskBin;
$v_FirstAddressHex = bin2hex($v_FirstAddressBin);
// Convert the last address in hexadecimal
$v_LastAddressBin = $v_FirstAddressBin | ~$v_NetworkMaskBin;
$v_LastAddressHex = bin2hex($v_LastAddressBin);
// Return a neat object with information
$v_Return = array(
'Prefix' => "{$v_FirstAddress}/{$v_PrefixLength}",
'FirstHex' => $v_FirstAddressHex,
'LastHex' => $v_LastAddressHex,
'MaskHex' => $v_NetworkMaskHex,
);
// Bins are optional...
if($a_WantBins){
$v_Return = array_merge($v_Return, array(
'FirstBin' => $v_FirstAddressBin,
'LastBin' => $v_LastAddressBin,
'MaskBin' => $v_NetworkMaskBin,
));
}
return (object)$v_Return;
}
I like functions and classes and dislike non-reusable code where reusable functionality is implemented.
PS: If you find issues with it, please get back to me. I'm far from an expert in IPv6.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10085266/php5-calculate-ipv6-range-from-cidr-prefix