Golang dynamically creating member of struct

问题

I know there is struct in Go, but for all I know, you have to define struct

type Circle struct{
    x,y,r float64
}

I am wondering how you can declare a new variable that doesn't exist in the struct

circle := new(Circle)
circle.color = "black"

回答1:

You will need to use a map (of type map[string]interface{}) to work with dynamic JSON. Here is an example of creating a new map:

// Initial declaration
m := map[string]interface{}{
    "key": "value",
}

// Dynamically add a sub-map
m["sub"] = map[string]interface{}{
    "deepKey": "deepValue",
}

Unmarshalling JSON into a map looks like:

var f interface{}
err := json.Unmarshal(b, &f)

The code above would leave you with a map in f, with a structure resembling:

f = map[string]interface{}{
    "Name": "Wednesday",
    "Age":  6,
    "Parents": []interface{}{
        "Gomez",
        "Morticia",
    },
}

You will need to use a type assertion to access it, otherwise Go won't know it's a map:

m := f.(map[string]interface{})

You will also need to use assertions or type switches on each item you pull out of the map. Dealing with unstructured JSON is a hassle.

More information:

https://blog.golang.org/json-and-go
https://godoc.org/encoding/json#Unmarshal

回答2:

You can't. Go is statically typed, and does not allow such constructs.

Structs have a layout in memory that directly related to the definition, and there's no where to store such additional fields.

You can use a map instead. Moreover, you can use &circle as a key or part of a key, to associate map elements with arbitrary structs.

type key struct {
    target interface{}
    field string
}

x := make(map[key]string)
x[key{ target: circle, field: "color" }] = "black"

回答3:

I've started to work on this small repository https://github.com/Ompluscator/dynamic-struct

It's possible at this point to extend existing struct in runtime, by passing a instance of struct and modifying fields (adding, removing, changing types and tags).

Still in progress, so don't expect something huge :)

EDIT: At this point, work on library is done, and it looks stable for last a couple of months :)

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40559250/golang-dynamically-creating-member-of-struct

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go-server