What is the difference between gravity and acceleration sensors in Android? From my point of view the physical value is the same in both cases.
Which one measures the force acting on unit mass inside the device?
ADDITION
The question is: what physical quantity is measured by these sensors? According to equivalence principle the acceleration and gravity are indistinguishable and the only way to measure both is by usual (but 3d) spring balance.
Acceleration sensor gives you back the sum of all forces applied to your device, while Gravity sensor returns only the influence of gravity. If you want to exclude the gravity from acceleration, you may use a high-pass filter or just subtract the gravity sensor values from acceleration sensor values -- not sure which method gives better precision.
Another method could be using Sensor.TYPE_LINEAR_ACCELERATION, which gives exactly (acceleration - gravity), however you should check if it's available on the device. I've found a few devices, which have ACCELERATION sensor working, but no response from GRAVITY or LINEAR_ACCELERATION sensors.
This link might be helpful: http://www.sensorplatforms.com/which-sensors-in-android-gets-direct-input-what-are-virtual-sensors
The following excerpt summarize the answer for your question:
"The list... includes both physical sensors and sensor types with values derived from physical sensors, sometimes these are called virtual sensors... The virtual sensors types (gravity, linear acceleration, and rotation vector) provide values derived by combining the results from physical sensors intelligently... The rotation vector is a combination of the accelerometer, the magnetometer, and sometimes the gyroscope to determine the three-dimensional angle along which the Android device lays with respect to the Earth frame coordinates. By knowing the rotation vector of a device, accelerometer data can be separated into gravity and linear acceleration."
This link https://stackoverflow.com/a/8238389/604964 also says that the gravity values are computed using a Butterworth filter.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10446610/what-is-the-difference-between-gravity-and-acceleration-sensors-in-android