python, argparse: enable input parameter when another one has been specified

问题

In my python script, I want to be able to use an optional input parameter only when another optional parameter has been specified. Example:

$ python myScript.py --parameter1 value1
$ python myScript.py --parameter1 value1 --parameter2 value2

But NOT:

$ python myScript.py --parameter2 value2

How do I do this with argparse?

Thanks!

回答1:

Use a custom action:

import argparse

foo_default=None    

class BarAction(argparse.Action):
    def __call__(self,parser,namespace,values,option_string=None):
        didfoo=getattr(namespace,'foo',foo_default)
        if(didfoo == foo_default):
            parser.error( "foo before bar!")
        else:
            setattr(namespace,self.dest,values)

parser=argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--foo',default=foo_default)
parser.add_argument('--bar',action=BarAction,help="Only use this if --foo is set")

#testing.
print parser.parse_args('--foo baz'.split())
print parser.parse_args('--foo baz --bar cat'.split())
print parser.parse_args('--bar dog'.split())

This can even be done in a little easier to maintain way if you're OK with relying on some undocumented behavior of argparse:

import argparse

parser=argparse.ArgumentParser()
first_action=parser.add_argument('--foo',dest='cat',default=None)

class BarAction(argparse.Action):
    def __call__(self,parser,namespace,values,option_string=None):
        didfoo=getattr(namespace,first_action.dest,first_action.default)
        if(didfoo == first_action.default):
            parser.error( "foo before bar!")
        else:
            setattr(namespace,self.dest,values)

parser.add_argument('--bar',action=BarAction,
                    help="Only use this if --foo is set")

#testing.
print parser.parse_args('--foo baz'.split())
print parser.parse_args('--foo baz --bar cat'.split())
print parser.parse_args('--bar dog'.split())

In this example, we get the default for foo and it's destination from the action object returned by add_argument (add_argument's return value isn't documented anywhere that I can find). This is still a little fragile (If you want to specify a type= keyword to the --foo argument for example).

Finally, you can check sys.argv before parsing.

import sys
if ("--parameter2" in sys.argv) and ("--parameter1" not in sys.argv):
    parser.error("parameter1 must be given if parameter2 is given")

This gets a little more tricky if --parameter1 could also be triggered by --p1, but you get the idea. Then you could use

if (set(sys.argv).intersection(('--p2',...)) and 
    not set(sys.argv).intersection(('--p1',...)))

The advantage here is that it doesn't require any particular order. (--p2 doesn't need to follow --p1 on the commandline). And, as before, you can get the list of command strings that will trigger your particular action via the option_strings attribute returned by parser.add_argument(...). e.g.

import argparse
import sys   
parser=argparse.ArgumentParser()
action1=parser.add_argument('--foo')
action2=parser.add_argument('--bar',
                            help="Only use this if --foo is set")

argv=set(sys.argv)
if (( argv & set(action2.option_strings) ) and 
      not ( argv & set(action1.option_strings) )):
                #^ set intersection
     parser.error(' or '.join(action1.option_strings)+
                  ' must be given with '+
                  ' or '.join(action2.option_strings))

回答2:

You can use parse_known_args() to check if --parameter1 was given before adding --parameter2 to the parser.

import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--parameter1', dest='p1')
args = parser.parse_known_args()[0]
if args.p1:
  parser.add_argument('--parameter2', dest='p2')
args = parser.parse_args()

if args.p1:
  print args.p1
if args.p2:
  print args.p2

Results:

$ python myScript.py --parameter1 a
a
$ python myScript.py --parameter1 a --parameter2 b
a
b
$ python myScript.py --parameter2 b
usage: myScript.py [-h] [--parameter1 P1]
myScript.py: error: unrecognized arguments: --parameter2 b

回答3:

One idea would be to manually check the output of calling parser.parse_args() and raise an exception or otherwise fail if --parameter2 is used but --parameter1 isn't.

You could also try setting a custom action (scroll down a bit) to --parameter2 check if --parameter1 exists inside the namespace.

Finally, you could try using subparsers, although I don't know if it'll let you specify a value for --parameter1.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11455218/python-argparse-enable-input-parameter-when-another-one-has-been-specified

标签

python

parameters

arguments

argparse