Why it is not possible to override mutable variable in scala?

问题

Why it is not possible to override mutable variable in scala ?

class Abs(var name: String){
}

class AbsImpl(override var name: String) extends Abs(name){
}

Above code gives following compile time error :-

variable name cannot override a mutable variable

If name is declared val, then above code works fine.

回答1:

If you could override a var with a var, then the overriding member could have a narrower type. (That's how overriding is defined.)

You could then assign a value of a wider type and then read it expecting the narrower type, and fail.

Illustration of the setter involved:

scala> class A ; class B extends A
defined class A
defined class B

scala> abstract class C { var x: A } ; class D extends C { var x: B = _ }
<console>:13: error: class D needs to be abstract, since variable x in class C of type A is not defined
(Note that an abstract var requires a setter in addition to the getter)
       abstract class C { var x: A } ; class D extends C { var x: B = _ }
                                             ^

scala> abstract class C { var x: A }
defined class C

scala> class D extends C { var x: B = _ ; def x_=(a: A) = ??? }
defined class D

回答2:

The short answer: you need to pass -Yoverride-vars to the Scala compiler.

According to the spec, a var is both a getter and a setter, and normal overriding rules apply for these methods. However, this proved to have some unwanted consequences w.r.t. to the final keyword and inlining. The code in the compiler mentions some spec clarifications would be needed:

// TODO: this is not covered by the spec. We need to resolve this either by changing the spec or removing the test here.
if (!settings.overrideVars)
  overrideError("cannot override a mutable variable")

A related ticket: SI-3770

回答3:

I believe that the intent was simply to set the value of the inherited var name. This can be achieved this way (without override var):

class Abs(var name: String){
}

class AbsImpl(name: String) extends Abs(name){
}

The ambiguity arises from the local var name: String in AbsImpl that is named after the inherited var name: String from Abs. A similar code, less syntactically ambiguous but also less elegant would be:

class Abs(var name: String){
}

class AbsImpl(name_value: String) extends Abs(name_value){
}

回答4:

When you want to overriding a var its equivalent to trying to override a field in java which is not possible.

回答5:

This happens when the var you are trying to override already has an assignment. I am not sure why this is forbidden, but also it makes little sense.

See also this question.

Define name as abstract instead

trait Abs {
  var name: String
}

class AbsImpl(name0: String) extends Abs {
  var name = name0
}

or

trait Abs {
  var name: String
}

class AbsImpl(private var name0: String) extends Abs {
  def name = {
    println("getter")
    name0
  }

  def name_=(value: String) = {
    println("setter")
    name0 = value
  }
}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31398344/why-it-is-not-possible-to-override-mutable-variable-in-scala