问题
We are trying to offer a license mechanism for every feature our Linux application is running, and we are thinking of controlling it in a centralized way using a license server:
Our aim for licensing is:
- Deny features the operator has not bought.
- Offer trials (features which expire if they are not bought).
- Activate features for periods of time, and make them available just for some period of time.
Is there any server license which allow us to do this (basically, we would use sockets to communicate with our application)? What else can we do (for example, use some open source software, read, etc.) to get started?
回答1:
Do you really need to "phone home"?
I've seen a relatively painless license system, through which the user was provided an XML file that described the period the license was valid, an optional IP address, and the list of "unlocked" features. A digital signature was generated using the vendor's private key, which was reinserted into the license file. At startup, the application was reading the license, validating it, checking the IP and unlocking the features accordingly.
The vendor can provide newer licenses to the client when needed.
Although you could theoretically fool the license by changing the machine's local time and fudging with the IP address, in that case this would have made the application quite cumbersome to use, so this was not a problem.
回答2:
If you really want to use a license server then make sure that your application does not have to contact it all the time to authorise use - this will lead to no end of problems when people lose their Internet connection or your server goes down or crashes.
I would suggest having something where a key is downloaded and stored locally, thus reducing round trips to the server all the time. The key can be encrypted based on the user's machine details so that keys cannot be shared.
We've used the HASP hardware key in the past and while they defnitely work and provide a solution, I don't think they are what you want as they are programmed once and that's that. For example, you wouldn't be able to update the HASP key to close a trial period.
回答3:
There are times when software does need protection - check out these guys here - they provide hardware and software solutions.
回答4:
FLEXnet (formerly known as FLEXlm) is a licensing package that is commonly used by high-end or specialized software packages, for example in the electronic design automation market. You can lock a license to a single machine (by hostid, usually an Ethernet MAC address) or to a portable hardware dongle, or have a networked server handle sharing a limited pool of concurrent licenses to clients running your software. Licenses can be granted for a limited time or permanently, and also can be limited by a version number. A license file describes the features that are licensed.
FLEXnet includes several APIs for integrating with your application, including one for C++. I imagine it uses public key cryptography of some kind. Generally, an application using FLEXnet only "phones home" when you ask it to through your use of the API. Many applications check the license once, at startup, or reserve a license from the pool for the duration of the application's runtime.
You pay an annual license fee, of course, to use FLEXnet in your products, starting above USD 1k. The fee varies by the revenue of your company and by the number of platforms (OS/CPU combination) you want your licensing scheme to be able to run on.
I would say it's not worth it to use something like FLEXnet if your product sells for less than several thousand USD per seat. It is onerous to use (the source of a good percentage of support calls for our company), but corporate customers may already be familiar with using it, depending on the market.
FLEXnet, like every DRM scheme I've heard of, is easily cracked. At least I assume it is, since unlocked versions of our products are regularly found on warez sites.
回答5:
This is such a Dilbert-esque way of doing things. Just say no.
Although hated, this is a standard feature in high-end specialized software which costs tens of thousands of dollars. Think 3D scanners and CNC stuff.
回答6:
If you do plan to code something up yourself, a common mechanism that I have seen is to tie the license to a MAC address.
回答7:
Having used various packages that make use of license servers like this, I can tell you it is one sure way to make your software universally hated by its users.
回答8:
A common licensing software is flexlm. However I would think twice if I would impose these restrictions on my users. Many users dislike them; especially from the FOSS/Linux environment.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/638012/managing-features-on-a-license-basis-for-a-c-application