问题
i searching to find some Perl Regular Expression Syntax about some requirements i have in a project. First i want to exclude strings from a txt file (dictionary).
For example if my file have this strings:
path.../Document.txt |
tree
car
ship
i using Regular Expression
a1testtre -- match orangesh1 -- match apleship3 -- not match [contains word from file ]
Also i have one more requirement that i couldnt solve. I have to create a Regex that not allow a String to have over 3 times a char repeat (two chars).
For example :
adminnisstrator21 -- match (have 2 times a repetition of chars) kkeeykloakk -- not match have over 3 times repetition stack22ooverflow -- match (have 2 times a repetition of chars)
for this i have try
\b(?:([a-z])(?!\1))+\b
but it works only for the first char-reppeat Any idea how to solve these two?
回答1:
One way to exclude strings that contain words from a given list is to form a pattern with an alternation of the words and use that in a regex, whereby a match excludes the string.
use warnings;
use strict;
use feature qw(say);
use Path::Tiny;
my $file = shift // die "Usage: $0 file\n"; #/
my @words = split ' ', path($file)->slurp;
my $exclude = join '|', map { quotemeta } @words;
foreach my $string (qw(a1testtre orangesh1 apleship3))
{
if ($string !~ /$exclude/) {
say "OK: $string";
}
}
I use Path::Tiny to read the file into a a string ("slurp"), which is then split by whitespace into words to use for exclusion. The quotemeta escapes non-"word" characters, should any happen in your words, which are then joined by | to form a string with a regex pattern. (With complex patterns use qr.)
This may be possible to tweak and improve, depending on your use cases, for one in regards to the order of of patterns with common parts in alternation.†
The check that successive duplicate characters do not occur more than three times
foreach my $string (qw(adminnisstrator21 kkeeykloakk stack22ooverflow))
{
my @chars_that_repeat = $string =~ /(.)\1+/g;
if (@chars_that_repeat < 3) {
say "OK: $string";
}
}
A long string of repeated chars (aaaa) counts as one instance, due to the + quantifier in regex; if you'd rather count all pairs remove the + and four as will count as two pairs. The same char repeated at various places in the string counts every time, so aaXaa counts as two pairs.
This snippet can be just added to the above program, which is invoked with the name of the file with words to use for exclusion. They both print what is expected from provided samples.
† Consider an example with exclusion-words: so, sole, and solely. If you only need to check whether any one of these matches then you'd want shorter ones first in the alternation
my $exclude = join '|', map { quotemeta } sort { length $a <=> length $b } @words;
#==> so|sole|solely
for a quicker match (so matches all three). This, by all means, appears to be the case here.
But, if you wanted to correctly identify which word matched then you must have longer words first,
solely|sole|so
so that a string solely is correctly matched by its word before it can be "stolen" by so. Then in this case you'd want it the other way round,
sort { length $b <=> length $a }
回答2:
To not match a word from a file you might check whether a string contains a substring or use a negative lookahead and an alternation:
^(?!.*(?:tree|car|ship)).*$
^Assert start of string(?!negative lookahead, assert what is on the right is not.*(?:tree|car|ship)Match 0+ times any char except a newline and match either tree car or ship
)Close negative lookahead.*Match any char except a newline$Assert end of string
Regex demo
To not allow a string to have over 3 times a char repeat you could use:
\b(?!(?:\w*(\w)\1){3})\w+\b
\bWord boundary(?!Negative lookahead, assert what is on the right is not(?:NOn capturing group\w*(\w)\1Match 0+ times a word character followed by capturing a word char in a group followed by a backreference using\1to that group){3}Close non capturing group and repeat 3 times
)close negative lookahead\w+Match 1+ word characters\bword boundary
Regex demo
Update
According to this posted answer (which you might add to the question instead) you have 2 patterns that you want to combine but it does not work:
(?=^(?!(?:\w*(.)\1){3}).+$)(?=^(?:(.)(?!(?:.*?\1){4}))*$)
In those 2 patterns you use 2 capturing groups, so the second pattern has to point to the second capturing group \2.
(?=^(?!(?:\w*(.)\1){3}).+$)(?=^(?:(.)(?!(?:.*?\2){4}))*$)
^
Pattern demo
回答3:
I hope someone else will come with a better solution, but this seems to do what you want:
\b Match word boundary
(?: Start capture group
(?:([a-z0-9])(?!\1))* Match all characters until it encounters a double
(?:([a-z0-9])\2)+ Match all repeated characters until a different one is reached
){0,2} Match capture group 0 or 2 times
(?:([a-z0-9])(?!\3))+ Match all characters until it encounters a double
\b Match end of word
I changed the [a-z] to also match numbers, since the examples you gave seem to also include numbers. Perl regex also has the \w shorthand, which is equivalent to [A-Za-z0-9_], which could be handy if you want to match any character in a word.
回答4:
My problem is that i have 2 regex that working:
Not allow over 3 pairs of chars:
(?=^(?!(?:\w*(.)\1){3}).+$)
Not allow over 4 times a char to repeat:
(?=^(?:(.)(?!(?:.*?\1){4}))*$)
Now i want to combine them into one row like:
(?=^(?!(?:\w*(.)\1){3}).+$)(?=^(?:(.)(?!(?:.*?\1){4}))*$)
but its working only the regex that is first and not both of them
回答5:
As mentioned in comment to @zdim's answer, take it a bit further by making sure that the order in which your words are assembled into the match pattern doesn't trip you. If the words in the file are not very carefully ordered to start, I use a subroutine like this when building the match string:
# Returns a list of alternative match patterns in tight matching order.
# E.g., TRUSTEES before TRUSTEE before TRUST
# TRUSTEES|TRUSTEE|TRUST
sub tight_match_order {
return @_ unless @_ > 1;
my (@alts, @ordered_alts, %alts_seen);
@alts = map { $alts_seen{$_}++ ? () : $_ } @_;
TEST: {
my $alt = shift @alts;
if (grep m#$alt#, @alts) {
push @alts => $alt;
} else {
push @ordered_alts => $alt;
}
redo TEST if @alts;
}
@ordered_alts
}
So following @zdim's answer:
...
my @words = split ' ', path($file)->slurp;
@words = tight_match_order(@words); # add this line
my $exclude = join '|', map { quotemeta } @words;
...
HTH
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55728688/perl-regular-expression-how-to-exclude-words-from-a-file