问题
I am attempting to follow this reply and change a few hex bytes in a file by using hexdump, xxd, and sed.
According to that response, after converting the CSR generated with keytool (which happens to be base-64 PEM format) into DER, I should be able to do a straight bytes replacement, replacing 0x13 with 0x0c.
Here is what I have attempted:
#convert csr pem to der
openssl req -in openfire.csr -outform der -out openfire_csr.der
cat openfire_csr.der | grep -aP '\x13' | md5sum
#e61387f5c1xxxxeb832df102524220d81 - #it has some length
#perform replacement of hex bytes:
sed 's/\x13/\x0c/g' openfire_csr.der
#convert csr der to csr pem:
openssl req -in openfire_csr.der -outform pem -out openfire_utf8.csr
#unable to load X509 request
#3078055660:error:0906D06C:PEM routines:PEM_read_bio:no start line:pem_lib.c:698:Expecting: CERTIFICATE REQUEST
I suspect I'm missing some conversion, but I do not know where.
How do I perform byte replacement using available tools (like sed, xxd, and/or hexdump)?
回答1:
From http://everydaywithlinux.blogspot.ca/2012/11/patch-strings-in-binary-files-with-sed.html:
So, you have a binary file that you need to patch. Perhaps it is a pre compiled proprietary program or dynamic library that contains hard coded paths (text strings) that you need to change.
If the file had been a text file, then sed would probably come to your rescue. For binary files there are hex editors available, but they require manual handling and can't be scripted. Other binary patch programs are out there as well but might not be packaged in your favorite distribution and compiling things from source is boring. You could also have the need to do the patching in a packaging stage when building say an RPM.
So, how can you use sed then?
Well, it's quite simple. Just convert the binary file to ASCII HEX with hexdump, patch it with sed and the convert it back to binary with xxd:
hexdump -ve '1/1 "%.2X"' file.bin | \
sed "s/<pattern>/<replacement>/g" | \
xxd -r -p > file.bin.patched
Of course there are caveats to this approach. The most significant one is that you can't replace a string with a string that is longer then the original one. Shorter is OK though. Another one is that the strings must be null terminated, but this is almost always the case. You also have to create and yourself as the ASCII HEX representations of the null terminated strings with their null terminator present. Further, must be padded to the same length as
<pattern>.
Refer to this example
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20081018/replace-binary-in-a-file-from-java-keytool-csr-using-hexdump-sed-and-xxd