What is wrong with my relationships in SQL Alchemy?

Question

I am using SQLAlchemy with Flask to create relationships for my application. I recently rewrote the relationships, and, no matter what I change, I keep getting the error:

sqlalchemy.exc.NoForeignKeysError: Could not determine join condition between 
parent/child tables on relationship CurriculumVersion.enrollments - there are 
no foreign keys linking these tables.  Ensure that referencing columns are 
associated with a ForeignKey or ForeignKeyConstraint, or specify
a 'primaryjoin' expression.

On my models:

class User(db.Model, AuthUser):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    tf_login = db.Column(db.String(255), unique=True, nullable=False) # can assume is an email
    password = db.Column(db.String(120), nullable=False)
    salt = db.Column(db.String(80))
    role = db.Column(db.String(80)) # for later when have different permission types
    zoho_contactid = db.Column(db.String(20), unique=True, nullable=False)
    created_asof = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)
    enrollments = db.relationship('Enrollment', backref='enrollment', lazy='dynamic')
    firstname = db.Column(db.String(80))
    lastname = db.Column(db.String(80))


    def __repr__(self):
        return '#%d tf_login: %s, First Name: %s Last Name: %s created_asof %s' % (self.id, self.tf_login, self.firstname, self.lastname, self.created_asof)

    def __getstate__(self):
        return {
            'id': self.id,
            'tf_login': self.tf_login,
            'firstname': self.firstname,
            'lastname': self.lastname,
            'role': self.role,
            'created_asof': self.created_asof,
        }

    @classmethod
    def load_current_user(cls, apply_timeout=True):
        data = get_current_user_data(apply_timeout)
        if not data:
            return None
        return cls.query.filter(cls.email==data['email']).one()
        return '#%d Course Name: %s, Course Version: %s, Closing Date: %s' %(self.id, self.course_name, self.course_version, self.closing_date)

class Enrollment(db.Model, AuthUser):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
    version_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('curriculumversion.id'))
    cohort_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('cohort.id'))

    def __repr__(self):
        return '#%d User ID: %d Version ID: %d, Cohort ID: %d' %(self.id, self.user_id, self.version_id, self.cohort_id)

class Cohort(db.Model, AuthUser):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    days_to_completion = db.Column(db.String(20))
    course_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('course.id'))
    enrollments = db.relationship('Enrollment', backref='enrollment', lazy='dynamic')

    def __repr__(self):
        return '#%d Days To Completion: %s' %(self.id, self.days_to_completion)


class CurriculumVersion(db.Model, AuthUser):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    version_number = db.Column(db.String(6))
    date_implemented = db.Column(db.DateTime)
    course_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('course.id'))
    enrollments = db.relationship('Enrollment', backref='enrollment', lazy='dynamic')

    def __repr__(self):
        return '#%d Version Number: %s, Date Implemented: %s' %(self.id, self.version_number, self.date_implemented)

class Course(db.Model, AuthUser):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    course_code = db.Column(db.String(20))
    course_name = db.Column(db.String(50))
    versions = db.relationship('CurriculumVersion', backref='version', lazy='dynamic')
    cohorts = db.relationship('Cohort', backref='cohort', lazy='dynamic')


    def __repr__(self):
        return '#%d Course Code: %s, Course Name: %s' %(self.id, self.course_code, self.course_name)

Any help would be appreciated!

Answer 1

This error:

Could not determine join condition between parent/child tables on relationship CurriculumVersion.enrollments 

means that SQLAlchemy could not find a proper column in Enrollments to use as the foreign key in the relationship.

You defined the foreign key, but you used an incorrect table name. Flask-SQLAlchemy converts CamelCase classes to camel_case when creating the table, so you need to change this:

class Enrollment(db.Model, AuthUser):
    # ...
    version_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('curriculumversion.id'))
    #...

to this:

class Enrollment(db.Model, AuthUser):
    # ...
    version_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('curriculum_version.id'))
    #...

Alternatively you can use the __tablename__ attribute to override the default naming convention used by Flask-SQLAlchemy.

Answer 2

Try to use primaryjoin in your CurriculumVersion class as follows:

Change

enrollments = db.relationship('Enrollment', backref='enrollment', lazy='dynamic')

to

enrollments = db.relationship('Enrollment', backref='enrollment', lazy='dynamic', primaryjoin="Enrollment.version_id==CurriculumVersion.id")

Note: You might need to do this for the other classes as well.