问题
I got a problem with adding an ssh key to a Vagrant VM. Basically the setup that I have here works fine. Once the VMs are created, I can access them via vagrant ssh, the user "vagrant" exists and there's an ssh key for this user in the authorized_keys file.
What I'd like to do now is: to be able to connect to those VMs via ssh or use scp. So I would only need to add my public key from id_rsa.pub to the authorized_keys - just like I'd do with ssh-copy-id.
Is there a way to tell Vagrant during the setup that my public key should be included? If not (which is likely, according to my google results), is there a way to easily append my public key during the vagrant setup?
回答1:
Copying the desired public key would fall squarely into the provisioning phase. The exact answer depends on what provisioning you fancy to use (shell, Chef, Puppet etc). The most trivial would be a file provisioner for the key, something along this:
config.vm.provision "file", source: "~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub", destination: "~/.ssh/me.pub"
Well, actually you need to append to authorized_keys. Use the the shell provisioner, like so:
config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
cat /home/vagrant/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys
SHELL
end
You can also use a true provisioner, like Puppet. For example see Managing SSH Authorized Keys with Puppet.
回答2:
You can use Ruby's core File module, like so:
config.vm.provision "shell" do |s|
ssh_pub_key = File.readlines("#{Dir.home}/.ssh/id_rsa.pub").first.strip
s.inline = <<-SHELL
echo #{ssh_pub_key} >> /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys
echo #{ssh_pub_key} >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
SHELL
end
This working example appends ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys of both the vagrant and root user, which will allow you to use your existing SSH key.
回答3:
There's a more "elegant" way of accomplishing what you want to do. You can find the existing private key and use it instead of going through the trouble of adding your public key.
Proceed like this to see the path to existing private key (look below for IdentityFile):
run
vagrant ssh-config
result:
$ vagrant ssh-config Host magento2.vagrant150 HostName 127.0.0.1 User vagrant Port 3150 UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null StrictHostKeyChecking no PasswordAuthentication no IdentityFile "/Users/madismanni/m2/vagrant-magento/.vagrant/machines/magento2.vagrant150/virtualbox/private_key" IdentitiesOnly yes LogLevel FATAL
Then you can use the private key like this, note also the switch for switching off password authentication
ssh -i /Users/madismanni/m2/vagrant-magento/.vagrant/machines/magento2.vagrant150/virtualbox/private_key -o PasswordAuthentication=no vagrant@127.0.0.1 -p 3150
回答4:
I end up using code like:
config.ssh.forward_agent = true
config.ssh.insert_key = false
config.ssh.private_key_path = ["~/.vagrant.d/insecure_private_key","~/.ssh/id_rsa"]
config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: false do |s|
ssh_pub_key = File.readlines("#{Dir.home}/.ssh/id_rsa.pub").first.strip
s.inline = <<-SHELL
echo #{ssh_pub_key} >> /home/$USER/.ssh/authorized_keys
sudo bash -c "echo #{ssh_pub_key} >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys"
SHELL
end
Note that we should not hard code path to /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys since some vagrant boxes not using the vagrant username.
回答5:
A shorter and more correct code should be:
ssh_pub_key = File.readlines("#{Dir.home}/.ssh/id_rsa.pub").first.strip
config.vm.provision 'shell', inline: 'mkdir -p /root/.ssh'
config.vm.provision 'shell', inline: "echo #{ssh_pub_key} >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys"
config.vm.provision 'shell', inline: "echo #{ssh_pub_key} >> /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys", privileged: false
Otherwise user's .ssh/authorized_keys will belong to root user.
Still it will add a line at every provision run, but Vagrant is used for testing and a VM usually have short life, so not a big problem.
回答6:
This excellent answer was added by user76329 in a rejected Suggested Edit
Expanding on Meow's example, we can copy the local pub/private ssh keys, set permissions, and make the inline script idempotent (runs once and will only repeat if the test condition fails, thus needing provisioning):
config.vm.provision "shell" do |s|
ssh_prv_key = ""
ssh_pub_key = ""
if File.file?("#{Dir.home}/.ssh/id_rsa")
ssh_prv_key = File.read("#{Dir.home}/.ssh/id_rsa")
ssh_pub_key = File.readlines("#{Dir.home}/.ssh/id_rsa.pub").first.strip
else
puts "No SSH key found. You will need to remedy this before pushing to the repository."
end
s.inline = <<-SHELL
if grep -sq "#{ssh_pub_key}" /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys; then
echo "SSH keys already provisioned."
exit 0;
fi
echo "SSH key provisioning."
mkdir -p /home/vagrant/.ssh/
touch /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys
echo #{ssh_pub_key} >> /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys
echo #{ssh_pub_key} > /home/vagrant/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
chmod 644 /home/vagrant/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
echo "#{ssh_prv_key}" > /home/vagrant/.ssh/id_rsa
chmod 600 /home/vagrant/.ssh/id_rsa
chown -R vagrant:vagrant /home/vagrant
exit 0
SHELL
end
回答7:
This is an excellent thread that helped me solve a similar situation as the original poster describes.
While I ultimately used the settings/logic presented in smartwjw’s answer, I ran into a hitch since I use the VAGRANT_HOME environment variable to save the core vagrant.d directory stuff on an external hard drive on one of my development systems.
So here is the adjusted code I am using in my Vagrantfile to accommodate for a VAGRANT_HOME environment variable being set; the “magic” happens in this line vagrant_home_path = ENV["VAGRANT_HOME"] ||= "~/.vagrant.d":
config.ssh.insert_key = false
config.ssh.forward_agent = true
vagrant_home_path = ENV["VAGRANT_HOME"] ||= "~/.vagrant.d"
config.ssh.private_key_path = ["#{vagrant_home_path}/insecure_private_key", "~/.ssh/id_rsa"]
config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: false do |shell_action|
ssh_public_key = File.readlines("#{Dir.home}/.ssh/id_rsa.pub").first.strip
shell_action.inline = <<-SHELL
echo #{ssh_public_key} >> /home/$USER/.ssh/authorized_keys
SHELL
end
回答8:
For the inline shell provisioners - it is common for a public key to contains spaces, comments, etc. So make sure to put (escaped) quotes around the var that expands to the public key:
config.vm.provision 'shell', inline: "echo \"#{ssh_pub_key}\" >> /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys", privileged: false
回答9:
None of the older posts worked for me although some came close. I had to make rsa keys with keygen in the terminal and go with custom keys. In other words defeated from using Vagrant's keys.
I'm on Mac OS Mojave as of the date of this post. I've setup two Vagrant boxes in one Vagrantfile. I'm showing all of the first box so newbies can see the context. I put the .ssh folder in the same folder as the Vagrant file, otherwise use user9091383 setup.
Credit for this solution goes to this coder.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.define "pfbox", primary: true do |pfbox|
pfbox.vm.box = "ubuntu/xenial64"
pfbox.vm.network "forwarded_port", host: 8084, guest: 80
pfbox.vm.network "forwarded_port", host: 8080, guest: 8080
pfbox.vm.network "forwarded_port", host: 8079, guest: 8079
pfbox.vm.network "forwarded_port", host: 3000, guest: 3000
pfbox.vm.provision :shell, path: ".provision/bootstrap.sh"
pfbox.vm.synced_folder "ubuntu", "/home/vagrant"
pfbox.vm.provision "file", source: "~/.gitconfig", destination: "~/.gitconfig"
pfbox.vm.network "private_network", type: "dhcp"
pfbox.vm.network "public_network"
pfbox.ssh.insert_key = false
ssh_key_path = ".ssh/" # This may not be necessary. I may remove.
pfbox.vm.provision "shell", inline: "mkdir -p /home/vagrant/.ssh"
pfbox.ssh.private_key_path = ["~/.vagrant.d/insecure_private_key", ".ssh/id_rsa"]
pfbox.vm.provision "file", source: ".ssh/id_rsa.pub", destination: ".ssh/authorized_keys"
pfbox.vm.box_check_update = "true"
pfbox.vm.hostname = "pfbox"
# VirtualBox
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
# vb.gui = true
vb.name = "pfbox" # friendly name for Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager
vb.memory = 2048 # memory in megabytes 2.0 GB
vb.cpus = 1 # cpu cores, can't be more than the host actually has.
end
end
config.vm.define "dbbox" do |dbbox|
...
回答10:
Generate a rsa key pair for vagrant authentication ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/vagrant
You might also want to add the vagrant identity files to your ~/.ssh/config
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/vagrant
IdentityFile ~/.vagrant.d/insecure_private_key
For some reason we can't just specify the key we want to insert so we take a few extra steps to generate a key ourselves. This way we get security and knowledge of exactly which key we need (+ all vagrant boxes will get the same key)
Can't ssh to vagrant VMs using the insecure private key (vagrant 1.7.2) How do I add my own public key to Vagrant VM?
config.ssh.insert_key = false
config.ssh.private_key_path = ['~/.ssh/vagrant', '~/.vagrant.d/insecure_private_key']
config.vm.provision "file", source: "~/.ssh/vagrant.pub", destination: "/home/vagrant/.ssh/vagrant.pub"
config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
cat /home/vagrant/.ssh/vagrant.pub >> /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys
mkdir -p /root/.ssh
cat /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
SHELL
回答11:
Madis Maenni answer is closest to best solution:
just do:
vagrant ssh-config >> ~/.ssh/config
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/config
then you can just ssh via hostname.
To get list of hostnames configured in ~/.ssh/config
grep -E '^Host ' ~/.ssh/config
My example:
$ grep -E '^Host' ~/.ssh/config
Host web
Host db
$ ssh web
[vagrant@web ~]$
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30075461/how-do-i-add-my-own-public-key-to-vagrant-vm