argparse option of options

问题:

I am trying to add option of options in argparse. Currently I have:

group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group() group.add_argument("--md", help="Create xyz file for each ionic step for"                     " visualization", action='store_true') group.add_argument("--force", help="See which atom has maximum force",                     action='store_true') group.add_argument("--opt", help="grep string from file",                     nargs=2, metavar=("str", "file")) parser.add_argument("--xsf", help="Create xsf file for md(default is xyz)"                     " visualization", action='store_true') parser.add_argument("-N", help="Showing first N line",                     metavar='integer', type=int) parser.add_argument("-n", help="Showing last n line",                     metavar='integer', type=int) args = parser.parse_args() 

which gives:

./foo.py --h usage: foo.py [-h]                [--md | --force | --opt str file]                [--xsf] [-N integer] [-n integer] 

But I want --xsf as a suboption for --md, -N,-n for --opt; e.g.

./foo.py --h     usage: foo.py [-h]                    [--md [--xsf]| --force | --opt str file [-N integer] [-n integer]] 

But I dont know how to achieve that. May be I am missing something, but there is no option like that in argparse doc

Is there any other way of getting that?

回答1:

The mutually_exclusive_group mechanism is quite simple, and does not work with any kind of nesting, or subgrouping.

There is a Python bug/issue requesting a more comprehensive grouping mechanism, but the proposed patch is rather complicated. The problem isn't just with testing, it's with defining the groups in a user friendly way, and with generating the usage line. It's nice that you included a desired usage, but that format is well beyond the capabilities of the current help formatter.

You might look into recasting your problem as a subparser one. subparsers are mutually exclusive (you can only give one command name), and you could specify --xsf as an argument for md, and -N as argument for --opt. But subparsers has its own help issues.

Another route is to write your own usage, and do your own testing of arguments after parsing. With a suitable choice of defaults you can usually tell whether an argument has been provided or not (the user can't specify None) or you can ignore unnecessary ones.

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