目录
Linux基础命令注释
cat 查看文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat anaconda-ks.cfg #version=DEVEL # System authorization information auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512 repo --name="Server-HighAvailability" --baseurl=file:///run/install/repo/addons/HighAvailability repo --name="Server-ResilientStorage" --baseurl=file:///run/install/repo/addons/ResilientStorage # Use CDROM installation media cdrom # Use graphical install graphical # Run the Setup Agent on first boot firstboot --enable ignoredisk --only-use=sda # Keyboard layouts keyboard --vckeymap=cn --xlayouts='cn' # System language lang zh_CN.UTF-8 ...
ls 列出目录
- ls 列出目录下所有文件(不包括以' . '开头的隐藏文件)
[root@localhost ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg
- ls -a 列出文件下所有文件(包括以' . '开头的隐藏文件)
[root@localhost ~]# ls -a . anaconda-ks.cfg .bash_logout .bashrc .tcshrc .. .bash_history .bash_profile .cshrc
- ls -l 列出文件详细信息 创建者,创建时间,文件读写权限
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l 总用量 4 -rw-------. 1 root root 1451 9月 6 22:57 anaconda-ks.cfg // 1 目录下只有一个文件 1451 文件大小
- ls . 显示当前目录 = ls
basht@localhost ~]# ls . anaconda-ks.cfg
- ls .. 显示上一级目录 = ls /
bashot@localhost ~]# ls / bin dev home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var boot etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr
- ls a* 列出a开头的目录
[root@localhost ~]# ls a* anaconda-ks.cfg a:
- ls /tmp/ /root/ 查看两个文件的目录
[root@localhost ~]# ls /tmp/ /root/ /root/: a abc acd anaconda-ks.cfg bbb c cc qwq vbn wqw /tmp/: ks-script-bCAQaW systemd-private-11747351e8364d83b070d6be17400cce-chronyd.service-lGLDlY systemd-private-11747351e8364d83b070d6be17400cce-vgauthd.service-g3JiUd systemd-private-11747351e8364d83b070d6be17400cce-vmtoolsd.service-wE4Eut yum.log
mkdir 创建目录
- mkdir 创建目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir a [root@localhost ~]# ls a anaconda-ks.cfg
- mkdir -p 创建目录,若父目录不在则自动创建
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p a/b/{c,d/{e,f/g}} [root@localhost ~]# ls a b [root@localhost ~]# ls a/b c d [root@localhost ~]# ls a/b/d e f
- mkdir -v 显示创建的目录的过程
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -pv a/b/{c,d/{e,f/g}} mkdir: 已创建目录 "a" mkdir: 已创建目录 "a/b" mkdir: 已创建目录 "a/b/c" mkdir: 已创建目录 "a/b/d" mkdir: 已创建目录 "a/b/d/e" mkdir: 已创建目录 "a/b/d/f" mkdir: 已创建目录 "a/b/d/f/g"
mv 移动文件(也可用于重命名)
[root@localhost ~]# ls a anaconda-ks.cfg [root@localhost ~]# mv a aa [root@localhost ~]# ls aa anaconda-ks.cfg
history 历史命令
- history
[root@localhost ~]# history 1 ls 2 file anaconda-ks.cfg 3 vi anaconda-ks.cfg 4 shutdown -h now 5 cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ 6 vi ifcfg-ens33 7 systemctl restrat network 8 systemctl restart network 9 ip a 10 cdnte 11 cdnet 12 cdnte 13 ` 14 cdnte 15 . 16 cdnte 17 cdnet 18 ls /tmp 19 ls 20 cd
- [n] 调用历史命令
[root@localhost ~]# !9 ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:3a:87:11 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.213.128/24 brd 192.168.213.255 scope global dynamic ens33 valid_lft 1309sec preferred_lft 1309sec inet6 fe80::c862:f7d8:eac7:83ae/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- !! 上一条命令也可以用键盘上键
[root@localhost ~]# cd - /etc [root@localhost etc]# !! cd - /root
- history -d[n] 删除历史命令 -c删除所有
[root@localhost ~]# history 1 history 2 pwd 3 cd 4 ls 5 ll 6 history 7 history -n1 8 history -n 1 9 history [root@localhost ~]# history -d1 [root@localhost ~]# history 1 pwd 2 cd 3 ls 4 ll 5 history 6 history -n1 7 history -n 1 8 history 9 history -d1 10 history
cd 切换目录
- cd 切换目录
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/ [root@localhost etc]# pwd /etc
- cd ~ 返回用户目录
[root@localhost ~]# cd ~tom [root@localhost tom]# pwd /home/tom [root@localhost etc]# cd ~ [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost etc]# cd [root@localhost ~]# pwd /root //直接输入cd 也可返回当前用户目录
- cd ~tom 进入tom家目录
[root@localhost ~]# cd ~tom [root@localhost tom]#
- cd -返回上次目录
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc [root@localhost etc]# cd - /root [root@localhost ~]# cd - /etc
- cd .. 返回上级目录
[root@localhost /]# cd /etc/sysconfig/ [root@localhost sysconfig]# cd .. [root@localhost etc]#
管道符过滤文件
- cat anaconda-ks.cfg |grep rootpw过滤文件anaconda-ks.cfg中有关rootpw行
[root@localhost ~]# cat anaconda-ks.cfg |grep rootpw rootpw --iscrypted $6$15KaJSMJ1CnXnZP6$i.4EoTpZwTUTcZhK0oYRIjgyP9UTYbXsq//IV4xIiaB.2RfwtJP7SzhiAN4KcrAZP1ABjRIPx9pdl7vXdHoJk.
- [root@localhost ~]# cat anaconda-ks.cfg |grep rootpw > qwq 过滤文件并打印大qwq文件中
[root@localhost ~]# cat anaconda-ks.cfg |grep rootpw > qwq [root@localhost ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg qwq [root@localhost ~]# cat qwq rootpw --iscrypted $6$15KaJSMJ1CnXnZP6$i.4EoTpZwTUTcZhK0oYRIjgyP9UTYbXsq//IV4xIiaB.2RfwtJP7SzhiAN4KcrAZP1ABjRIPx9pdl7vXdHoJk.
rm 删除文件
- rm 删除文件
[root@localhost ~]# ls aa anaconda-ks.cfg qwq [root@localhost ~]# rm qwq rm:是否删除普通文件 "qwq"?y [root@localhost ~]# ls aa anaconda-ks.cfg
- rm -r 递归删除,删除文件目录必须用
[root@localhost ~]# ls aa anaconda-ks.cfg [root@localhost ~]# rm -r aa rm:是否进入目录"aa"? y rm:是否进入目录"aa/b"? y rm:是否删除目录 "aa/b/c"?y rm:是否进入目录"aa/b/d"? y rm:是否删除目录 "aa/b/d/e"?y rm:是否进入目录"aa/b/d/f"? y rm:是否删除目录 "aa/b/d/f/g"?y rm:是否删除目录 "aa/b/d/f"?y rm:是否删除目录 "aa/b/d"?y rm:是否删除目录 "aa/b"?y rm:是否删除目录 "aa"?y
- -f 强制删除,不询问
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p a/b/c/d/f/c [root@localhost ~]# ls a anaconda-ks.cfg [root@localhost ~]# rm -rf a [root@localhost ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg
stat : 显示文件或文件系统的状态
[root@localhost ~]# stat qwq 文件:"qwq" 大小:126 块:8 IO 块:4096 普通文件 设备:fd00h/64768d Inode:100663379 硬链接:1 权限:(0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid:( 0/ root) Gid:( 0/ root) 环境:unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0 最近访问:2019-09-07 14:41:58.769032865 +0800 最近更改:2019-09-07 14:41:58.769032865 +0800 最近改动:2019-09-07 14:41:58.769032865 +0800 创建时间:-
touch 创建空文件或者更新时间戳
[root@localhost ~]# touch qwq [root@localhost ~]# stat qwq 文件:"qwq" 大小:126 块:8 IO 块:4096 普通文件 设备:fd00h/64768d Inode:100663379 硬链接:1 权限:(0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid:( 0/ root) Gid:( 0/ root) 环境:unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0 最近访问:2019-09-07 14:41:58.769032865 +0800 最近更改:2019-09-07 14:41:58.769032865 +0800 最近改动:2019-09-07 14:41:58.769032865 +0800 创建时间:-
alias 命令别名
- alias 命令别名(临时别名重启后失效)
[root@localhost ~]# alias cdent='cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts' [root@localhost ~]# cdent [root@localhost network-scripts]# pwd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
- 命令别名
[root@localhost ~]# vi .bashrc # .bashrc # User specific aliases and functions //用户命令别名当前用户有效 alias cdnet='cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts' alias rm='rm -i' alias cp='cp -i' alias mv='mv -i' # Source global definitions // 公用命令别名所有用户有效 if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then . /etc/bashrc fi ~ ~ ".bashrc" 12L, 223C