问题
I am trying to install php with fpm on macports. I read somewhere that fpm means FastCGI process manager. Does that mean fastcgi and fpm are same? If they are same, then why do we have two different macports variants for php namely "php5 +fastcgi" and "php5 +fpm"
回答1:
FPM is a process manager to manage the FastCGI SAPI (Server API) in PHP.
Basically, it replaces the need for something like SpawnFCGI. It spawns the FastCGI children adaptively (meaning launching more if the current load requires it).
Otherwise, there's not much operating difference between it and FastCGI (The request pipeline from start of request to end is the same). It's just there to make implementing it easier.
回答2:
What Anthony says is absolutely correct, but I'd like to add that your experience will likely show a lot better performance and efficiency (due not to fpm-vs-fcgi but more to the implementation of your httpd).
For example, I had a quad-core machine running lighttpd + fcgi humming along nicely. I upgraded to a 16-core machine to cope with growth, and two things exploded: RAM usage, and segfaults. I found myself restarting lighttpd every 30 minutes to keep the website up.
I switched to php-fpm and nginx, and RAM usage dropped from >20GB to 2GB. Segfaults disappeared as well. After doing some research, I learned that lighttpd and fcgi don't get along well on multi-core machines under load, and also have memory leak issues in certain instances.
Is this due to php-fpm being better than fcgi? Not entirely, but how you hook into php-fpm seems to be a whole heckuva lot more efficient than how you serve via fcgi.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4526242/what-is-the-difference-between-fastcgi-and-fpm