shallow丿ove
httpd的默认虚拟主机
- 一台服务器可以访问多个网站，每个网站都是一个虚拟机
- 概念：域名（主机名）、DNS、解析域名、hosts
- 任何一个域名解析到这台机器，都可以访问的虚拟主机就是默认虚拟主机
- vi /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf #搜索httpd/vhost，去掉#
- vi /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf #改为如下 <VirtuaHost *:80> ServerAdmin root@abc.com DocumentRoot "/data/wwwroot/abc.com" ServerName abc.com ServerAlias www.example.com Errorlog "log/abc.com-access_log" CustomLog "logs/abc.com-access_log" common </VirtualHost> <VirtuaHost *:80> DocumentRoot "/data/wwwroot/www.111.com" ServerName www.111.com </VirtualHost>
- /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
- /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful
网站能够直接访问，其实是DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2.4/htdocs"指定了一个文件
[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf
\DocumentRoot
211 # below.
212 #
213
214 #
215 # DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
216 # documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
217 # symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
218 #
219 DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2.4/htdocs"
220 <Directory "/usr/local/apache2.4/htdocs">
221 #
222 # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
223 # or any combination of:
224 # Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
225 #
226 # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
而域名为
[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf
/ServerName
188 #
189 # ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
190 # This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
191 # it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
192 #
193 # If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
194 #
195 ServerName www.example.com:80
196
197 #
198 # Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must
199 # explicitly permit access to web content directories in other
200 # <Directory> blocks below.
201 #
202 <Directory />
203 AllowOverride none
Windows下的hosts
C:\Users\Administrator>cd C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc>start hosts
# Copyright (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp.
#
# This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows.
#
# This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each
# entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should
# be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name.
# The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one
# space.
#
# Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual
# lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol.
#
# For example:
#
# 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server
# 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host
# localhost name resolution is handled within DNS itself.
# 127.0.0.1 localhost
# ::1 localhost
127.0.0.1 localhost
在hosts中添加一行192.168.9.134 www.abc.com www.123.com
C:\Users\Administrator>ping www.abc.com
正在 Ping www.abc.com [192.168.9.134] 具有 32 字节的数据:
来自 192.168.9.134 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.9.134 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.9.134 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.9.134 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
192.168.9.134 的 Ping 统计信息:
数据包: 已发送 = 4，已接收 = 4，丢失 = 0 (0% 丢失)，
往返行程的估计时间(以毫秒为单位):
最短 = 0ms，最长 = 0ms，平均 = 0ms
C:\Users\Administrator>ping www.123.com
正在 Ping www.abc.com [192.168.9.134] 具有 32 字节的数据:
来自 192.168.9.134 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.9.134 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.9.134 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.9.134 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
192.168.9.134 的 Ping 统计信息:
数据包: 已发送 = 4，已接收 = 4，丢失 = 0 (0% 丢失)，
往返行程的估计时间(以毫秒为单位):
最短 = 0ms，最长 = 0ms，平均 = 0ms
浏览器访问www.abc.com或www.123.com出现It work！则表示成功
apache默认虚拟主机，当访问ServerName和DocumentRoot 默认虚拟主机
[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf
/extra
470 #Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf
471
472 # User home directories
473 #Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf
474
475 # Real-time info on requests and configuration
476 #Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf
477
478 # Virtual hosts
479 #Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
480
481 # Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual
482 #Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf
483
484 # Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV)
485 #Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf
将479行的注释去掉为Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
打开二级配置文件，虚拟主机配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
23 <VirtualHost *:80>
24 ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
25 DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2.4/docs/dummy-host.example.com"
26 ServerName dummy-host.example.com
27 ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com
28 ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"
29 CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common
30 </VirtualHost>
31
32 <VirtualHost *:80>
33 ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host2.example.com
34 DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2.4/docs/dummy-host2.example.com"
35 ServerName dummy-host2.example.com
36 ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-error_log"
37 CustomLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-access_log" common
38 </VirtualHost>
一个主机代表一个网站 ServerAdmin有无都可以 DocumentRoot代表网站根目录 ServerName代表域名 ServerAlias代表别名 ErrorLog错误日志 CustomLog访问日志
修改为以下，若修改后之前的www.example.com就会访问不了
23 <VirtualHost *:80>
24 DocumentRoot "/data/wwwroot/abc.com"
25 ServerName abc.com
26 ServerAlias www.abc.com www.123.com
27 ErrorLog "logs/abc.com-error_log"
28 CustomLog "logs/abc.com-access_log" common
29 </VirtualHost>
30
31 <VirtualHost *:80>
32 DocumentRoot "/data/wwwroot/111.com"
33 ServerName 111.com
34 ServerAlias www.example.com
35 ErrorLog "logs/111.com-error_log"
36 CustomLog "logs/111.com-access_log" common
37 </VirtualHost>
但可以添加一个别名为www.example.com，但他此时对应的目录为/data/wwwroot/111.com
在站点目录下创建
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/abc.com
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/111.com
[root@localhost ~]# vi /data/wwwroot/abc.com/index.php
<?php
echo "hello!abc.com";
?>
[root@localhost ~]# vi /data/wwwroot/111.com/index.php
<?php
echo "hello!111.com";
?>
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful
[root@localhost ~]# ping www.abc.com
PING abc.com (199.181.132.250) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C64 bytes from 199.181.132.250: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=248 ms
--- abc.com ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 248.780/248.780/248.780/0.000 ms
若没有绑定hosts，则会访问到外网，此时可以使用curl -x
[root@localhost ~]# curl -x 192.168.9.134:80 abc.com
hello!abc.com
[root@localhost ~]# curl -x 192.168.9.134:80 www.abc.com
hello!abc.com
[root@localhost ~]# curl -x 192.168.9.134:80 www.abcde.com
hello!abc.com
无论任何域名都指向abc.com，而abc.com是虚拟主机配置的文件中的虚拟主机，而且还是默认虚拟主机
[root@localhost ~]# curl -x 192.168.9.134:80 www.example.com
hello!111.com
curl -x 192.168.9.134:80 www.111.com
hello!abc.com
[root@localhost ~]# curl -x 192.168.9.134:80 111.com
hello!111.com
www.example.com指向111.com，而www.111.com没有指定别名www.111.com，则会指向www.abc.com
虚拟主机配置文件生效，则可以定义多个虚拟主机
[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf
471
472 # User home directories
473 #Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf
474
475 # Real-time info on requests and configuration
476 #Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf
477
478 # Virtual hosts
479 Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
480
481 # Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual
482 #Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf
483
484 # Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV)
485 #Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf
486
而最为特殊的是默认虚拟主机，任何域名解析到这个主机上则会自动解析虚拟主机
来源：oschina
链接：https://my.oschina.net/u/3892756/blog/3069284