一、自建yum仓库，分别为网络源和本地源
（一）本地源
1、挂载安装光盘，复制光盘上所有文件到/repo/下。
2、备份 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo。
3、修改/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo文件为以下内容即可本地安装各种软件。
[BaseOS]
name=BaseOS
baseurl=file:///repo/BaseOS
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
[AppStream]
name=Appstream
baseurl=file:///repo/AppStream/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial（二）网络源
1、安装httpd，提供网络服务。
[root@centos8 ~]#yum -y install httpd
[root@cengos8 ~]#systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.2、创建文件夹，存放下载的软件包。
[root@centos8 ~]#mkdir /var/www/html/centos -pv
mkdir: 已创建目录 '/var/www/html/centos'3、下载阿里云extras源的全部软件。
[root@centos8 ~]#dnf reposync --repoid=extras --download-metadata -p /var/www/html/centos
CentOS-8 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 21 kB/s | 1.5 kB 00:00
CentOS-8 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 46 kB/s | 13 kB 00:00
(1/30): centos-release-ansible-29-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm 62 kB/s | 8.4 kB 00:00
(2/30): centos-release-advanced-virtualization-1.0-2.el8.noarch.rpm 95 kB/s | 15 kB 00:00
(3/30): centos-release-ceph-nautilus-1.2-2.el8.noarch.rpm 48 kB/s | 8.8 kB 00:00
(4/30): centos-release-ceph-octopus-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm 150 kB/s | 8.8 kB 00:00
(5/30): centos-release-configmanagement-1-1.el8.noarch.rpm 144 kB/s | 8.7 kB 00:00
(6/30): centos-release-gluster7-1.0-2.el8.noarch.rpm 159 kB/s | 9.5 kB 00:00
(7/30): centos-release-gluster6-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm 137 kB/s | 9.3 kB 00:00
(8/30): centos-release-gluster8-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm 113 kB/s | 9.3 kB 00:00
(9/30): centos-release-nfs-ganesha28-1.0-3.el8.noarch.rpm 169 kB/s | 8.7 kB 00:00
(10/30): centos-release-messaging-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm 72 kB/s | 9.4 kB 00:00
(11/30): centos-release-nfs-ganesha30-1.0-2.el8.noarch.rpm 95 kB/s | 8.6 kB 00:00
(12/30): centos-release-nfv-common-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm 64 kB/s | 8.7 kB 00:00
(13/30): centos-release-nfv-extras-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm 110 kB/s | 8.4 kB 00:00
(14/30): centos-release-openstack-train-2-1.el8.noarch.rpm 189 kB/s | 11 kB 00:00
(15/30): centos-release-nfv-openvswitch-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm 63 kB/s | 8.4 kB 00:00
(16/30): centos-release-openstack-ussuri-1-4.el8.noarch.rpm 134 kB/s | 11 kB 00:00
(17/30): centos-release-openstack-victoria-1-1.el8.noarch.rpm 191 kB/s | 9.9 kB 00:00
(18/30): centos-release-opstools-1-10.el8.noarch.rpm 187 kB/s | 9.9 kB 00:00
(19/30): centos-release-qpid-proton-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm 124 kB/s | 8.3 kB 00:00
(20/30): centos-release-rabbitmq-38-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm 106 kB/s | 8.3 kB 00:00
(21/30): centos-release-ovirt44-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm 93 kB/s | 15 kB 00:00
(22/30): centos-release-samba412-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm 126 kB/s | 8.8 kB 00:00
(23/30): centos-release-samba411-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm 74 kB/s | 8.8 kB 00:00
(24/30): centos-release-samba413-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm 121 kB/s | 8.8 kB 00:00
(25/30): centos-release-storage-common-2-2.el8.noarch.rpm 153 kB/s | 9.4 kB 00:00
(26/30): centos-release-stream-8.1-1.1911.0.7.el8.x86_64.rpm 201 kB/s | 11 kB 00:00
(27/30): centos-release-virt-common-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm 157 kB/s | 8.9 kB 00:00
(28/30): elrepo-release-8.1-1.el8.elrepo.noarch.rpm 257 kB/s | 14 kB 00:00
(29/30): cpaste-1.0.0-3.el8.x86_64.rpm 487 kB/s | 42 kB 00:00
(30/30): epel-release-8-8.el8.noarch.rpm 559 kB/s | 23 kB 00:00 4、浏览器输入源地址http://10.0.0.8/centos/extras/查看，可以正常访问即可。
5、局域网上其他需要使用此源的用户将相应.repo文件地址进行修改，即可不通过互联网安装软件，如需其他源的软件，只要将其他源下载即可。
二、编译安装http2.4，实现可以正常访问，并将编译步骤和结果提交。
1、安装前先关闭系统防火墙和SELinux 。
2、安装编译过程需要的包，如编译过程报错需要查看错误信息查找所需的包。
[root@centos8 ~]#dnf install tar gcc make apr-devel apr-util-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel redhat-rpm-config3、下载安装包。
[root@centos8 ~]#wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz4、解压缩安装包。
[root@centos8 ~]#tar xvf httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src5、配置安装，必须在软件包所在目录进行操作。
[root@centos8 ~]#cd /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.46/
[root@centos8 ~]#./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd24 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 --enable-ssl6、开始编译和安装。
[root@centos8 ~]#make -j 4 && make install7、配置环境变量。
[root@centos8 ~]#echo 'PATH=/apps/httpd24/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd24.sh
[root@centos8 ~]#. /etc/profile.d/httpd24.sh8、启动服务。
[root@centos8 ~]#apachectl9、检测是否正常运行。
[root@centos8 ~]#ps aux | grep httpd
root 23702 0.0 0.2 117572 5440 ? Ss 10:52 0:00 /apps/httpd24/bin/httpd
daemon 23703 0.0 0.6 2057948 14024 ? Sl 10:52 0:00 /apps/httpd24/bin/httpd
daemon 23704 0.0 0.6 2123484 13720 ? Sl 10:52 0:00 /apps/httpd24/bin/httpd
daemon 23705 0.0 0.6 2057948 13720 ? Sl 10:52 0:00 /apps/httpd24/bin/httpd 服务已正常运行，浏览器输入地址检查是否能够正常显示。
如无法打开请检查防火墙和SElinux是否关闭。
三、创建一个2G的文件系统，块大小为2048byte，预留1%可用空间,文件系统 ext4，卷标为TEST，要求此分区开机后自动挂载至/test目录，且默认有acl挂载选项
1、给系统添加一块20G的硬盘，并让系统识别。
[root@centos8 ~]#echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan
[root@centos8 ~]#lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 100G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 50G 0 part /data
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 49G 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1.6G 0 rom 2、划分一个2G的分区。
[root@centos8 ~]#fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x294c9482.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p):
Using default response p.
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +2G
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 2 GiB.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@centos8 ~]#lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 100G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 50G 0 part /data
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 49G 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 2G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1.6G 0 rom 3、格式化分区，创建文件系统。
[root@centos88 ~]#mkfs.ext4 -b 2048 -m 1 -L TEST /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
Creating filesystem with 1048576 2k blocks and 131072 inodes
Filesystem UUID: cdc6525f-4817-4903-a0ba-00bd1bd4d98f
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done4、创建/test目录。
[root@centos8 ~]#vim /etc/fstab
[root@centos8 ~]#mkdir /test5、将配置写入/etv/fatab。
[root@centos8 ~]#vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Dec 2 17:57:26 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
UUID=daf7d458-735f-4397-99ef-1a85a0858b88 / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=f1956afd-9e82-4940-803e-ec09d067de8e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=92bd3322-5a96-4f66-bdb2-477868d22851 /data xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=6874faf8-8828-4451-bf18-c0c486bc9791 swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID=cdc6525f-4817-4903-a0ba-00bd1bd4d98f /test ext4 acl 0 06、重启，查看是否成功。
[root@centos8 ~]#reboot
[root@centos8 ~]#df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 964M 0 964M 0% /dev
tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 981M 8.7M 972M 1% /run
tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 100G 2.5G 98G 3% /
/dev/sda3 50G 390M 50G 1% /data
/dev/sdb1 2.0G 9.1M 2.0G 1% /test
/dev/sda1 976M 104M 806M 12% /boot
tmpfs 197M 0 197M 0% /run/user/1000四、创建一个至少有两个PV组成的大小为20G的名为testvg的VG;要求PE大小 为16MB, 而后在卷组中创建大小为5G的逻辑卷testlv;挂载至/users
1、增加两块硬盘，并让系统识别。
[root@centos8 ~]#echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan
[root@centos8 ~]#lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 100G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 50G 0 part /data
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 49G 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 2G 0 part /test
sdc 8:32 0 20G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 20G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1.6G 0 rom2、新增的两块硬盘分别划分10G分区。
[root@centos8 ~]#echo -e 'n\np\n\n\n+10G\nw\n' | fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xbe801379.
Command (m for help): Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): Partition number (1-4, default 1): First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-41943039, default 41943039):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 10 GiB.
Command (m for help): The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@centos8 ~]#echo -e 'n\np\n\n\n+10G\nw\n' | fdisk /dev/sdd
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x3bbfea2f.
Command (m for help): Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): Partition number (1-4, default 1): First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-41943039, default 41943039):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 10 GiB.
Command (m for help): The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@centos8 ~]#lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 100G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 50G 0 part /data
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 49G 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 2G 0 part /test
sdc 8:32 0 20G 0 disk
└─sdc1 8:33 0 10G 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 20G 0 disk
└─sdd1 8:49 0 10G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1.6G 0 rom 3、安装lvm2。
[root@centos8 ~]#yum install -y lvm24、新加的硬盘创建物理卷。
[root@centos8 ~]#pvcreate /dev/sdc1
Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.
[root@centos8 ~]#pvcreate /dev/sdd1
Physical volume "/dev/sdd1" successfully created.5、创建卷组。
[root@centos8 ~]#vgcreate testvg -s 16M /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
Volume group "testvg" successfully created
[root@centos8 ~]#vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
testvg 2 0 0 wz--n- <19.97g <19.97g
[root@centos8 ~]#vgdisplay testvg
--- Volume group ---
VG Name testvg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size <19.97 GiB
PE Size 16.00 MiB
Total PE 1278
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 1278 / <19.97 GiB
VG UUID vjeH0o-YVjO-0MRg-muoK-pXdI-gK3k-STd6G46、创建逻辑卷。
[root@centos8 ~]#lvcreate -L 5G -n testlv testvg
Logical volume "testlv" created.
[root@centos88 ~]#lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
testlv testvg -wi-a----- 5.00g
[root@centos8 ~]#lvdisplay /dev/testvg/testlv
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/testvg/testlv
LV Name testlv
VG Name testvg
LV UUID XRGF2B-bscm-SS6Y-sPu0-icp7-Ig9g-1kex1v
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time centos88.wj3721.top, 2020-12-03 16:23:55 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 5.00 GiB
Current LE 320
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:07、格式化逻辑卷。
[root@centos8 ~]#mkfs.ext4 /dev/testvg/testlv
mke2fs 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
Creating filesystem with 1310720 4k blocks and 327680 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 0c069581-ca1a-4060-811a-94bff8a0c872
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done8、挂载。
[root@centos8 ~]#mkdir /users
[root@centos8 ~]#mount /dev/testvg/testlv /users
[root@centos8 ~]#df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 964M 0 964M 0% /dev
tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 981M 8.7M 972M 1% /run
tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 100G 2.5G 98G 3% /
/dev/sda3 50G 390M 50G 1% /data
/dev/sdb1 2.0G 9.1M 2.0G 1% /test
/dev/sda1 976M 104M 806M 12% /boot
tmpfs 197M 0 197M 0% /run/user/1000
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv 4.9G 20M 4.6G 1% /users来源：oschina
链接：https://my.oschina.net/u/4303372/blog/4776180