How to verify (with unit test) that error stack is printed in the log file?

问题

In continuing to this answer I wrote a unit test to verify that in case of error, the stack will be printed in the log file.

The tested method:

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());

public long getFq(String fi) {
    try {            
        return calcSomeThing(fi.toLowerCase());
    } catch (Exception e) {
        logger.error("unable to calculate SomeThing.  Error: "
                , e);
        return -1;
    }
}

The unit test:

import ch.qos.logback.classic.Level;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.spi.ILoggingEvent;
import ch.qos.logback.core.read.ListAppender;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

@Test
public void getFileQualifier() {

    // get Logback Logger
    Logger logger = (Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(QService.class);

    // create and start a ListAppender
    ListAppender<ILoggingEvent> listAppender = new ListAppender<>();
    listAppender.start();

    // add the appender to the logger
    // addAppender is outdated now
    logger.addAppender(listAppender);

    // call method under test
    QService.getFq(null);

    // JUnit assertions
    List<ILoggingEvent> logsList = listAppender.list;
    Assert.assertEquals("unable to calculate SomeThing.  Error: ", logsList.get(0)
            .getFormattedMessage());
    Assert.assertEquals(Level.ERROR, logsList.get(0)
            .getLevel());

    Assert.assertEquals("java.lang.NullPointerException: null", logsList.get(1)
            .getMessage());
    Assert.assertEquals(Level.ERROR, logsList.get(1)
            .getLevel());

    Assert.assertThat("(QService.java", containsString(logsList.get(2)
            .getMessage()));
    Assert.assertEquals(Level.ERROR, logsList.get(2)
            .getLevel());
}

Well, although I can see the stack is indeed printed in the log file, the unit test failed because of the logsList contains only one item (the first printed line only [unable to calculate SomeThing. Error: ]).

java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 1

Why does it happen and how it can be tested?

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/62623403/how-to-verify-with-unit-test-that-error-stack-is-printed-in-the-log-file