extundelete工具仅可以恢复EXT类型的文件，无法恢复CentOS 7系统默认采用xfs类型的文件。针对xfs文件系统目前也没有比较成熟的文件恢复工具，所以建议提前做好数据备份，以避免数据丢失。
xfs类型的文件可使用xfsdump与xfsrestore工具进行备份恢复。若系统中未安装xfsdump与xfsrestore工具，可以通过yum install -y xfsdump命令安装。xfsdump按照inode顺序备份一个xfs文件系统。
xfsdump的备份级别有两种：0表示完全备份；1-9表示增量备份。默认为0。
用法及基本参数：
xfsdump -f 备份存放位置 要备份路径或设备文件
-f：指定备份文件目录 -L：指定标签session label -M：指定设备标签media label -s：备份单个文件，-s后面不能直接跟路径。
使用xfsdump时，需要注意以下的几个限制：
1.xfsdump不支持没有挂载的文件系统备份，所以只能备份已挂载的； 2.xfsdump必须使用root的权限才能操作(涉及文件系统的关系)； 3.xfsdump只能备份XFS文件系统； 4.xfsdump备份下来的数据(档案或储存媒体)只能让xfsrestore解析； 5.xfsdump是透过文件系统的UUID来分辨各个备份档的，因此不能备份两个具有相同UUID的文件系统。
xfsrestore -f 恢复文件的位置 存放恢复后文件的路径
测试实例
前期准备
1、准备测试分区
vm虚拟机添加一块盘，格式化、分区
[root@master ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x6af1f974.
Command (m for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-41943006, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-41943006, default 41943006): +10G
Created partition 1
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: CFF6D029-AE1C-4D43-8673-34243A25651C
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 20973567 10G Linux filesyste
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
创建文件系统，挂载
[root@master ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@master ~]# mkdir /mnt/xfs/
[root@master ~]# mount -t xfs /dev/sdb1 /mnt/xfs
[root@master ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /dev
tmpfs 911M 0 911M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 911M 9.6M 902M 2% /run
tmpfs 911M 0 911M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3 98G 2.0G 96G 3% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 135M 880M 14% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 10G 33M 10G 1% /mnt/xfs
安装软件、创建文件
[root@master ~]# echo "1234" >> /mnt/xfs/num.txt [root@master ~]# mkdir /mnt/xfs/test [root@master ~]# echo "test" >> /mnt/xfs/test/num.txt [root@master ~]# yum install -y xfsdump Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
备份数据
[root@master ~]# xfsdump -f /backup/dump_sdb1 /dev/sdb1 xfsdump: using file dump (drive_simple) strategy xfsdump: version 3.1.7 (dump format 3.0) - type ^C for status and control ============================= dump label dialog ============================== please enter label for this dump session (timeout in 300 sec) -> dump_sdb1 session label entered: "dump_sdb1" ##指定备份会话标签 --------------------------------- end dialog --------------------------------- xfsdump: level 0 dump of master:/mnt/xfs xfsdump: dump date: Mon Apr 6 02:39:40 2020 xfsdump: session id: c378e1cd-7b83-4082-8c9e-23b81846a2f5 xfsdump: session label: "dump_sdb1" xfsdump: ino map phase 1: constructing initial dump list xfsdump: ino map phase 2: skipping (no pruning necessary) xfsdump: ino map phase 3: skipping (only one dump stream) xfsdump: ino map construction complete xfsdump: estimated dump size: 29952 bytes xfsdump: /var/lib/xfsdump/inventory created ============================= media label dialog ============================= please enter label for media in drive 0 (timeout in 300 sec) -> sdb1 media label entered: "sdb1" ##设置设备标签 --------------------------------- end dialog --------------------------------- xfsdump: creating dump session media file 0 (media 0, file 0) xfsdump: dumping ino map xfsdump: dumping directories xfsdump: dumping non-directory files xfsdump: ending media file xfsdump: media file size 24056 bytes xfsdump: dump size (non-dir files) : 1088 bytes xfsdump: dump complete: 38 seconds elapsed xfsdump: Dump Summary: xfsdump: stream 0 /backup/dump_sdb1 OK (success) xfsdump: Dump Status: SUCCESS
查看备份信息
[root@master ~]# xfsdump -I
file system 0:
fs id: 3c9dc4de-31ff-4092-8540-d8eae0b2c1d3
session 0:
mount point: master:/mnt/xfs
device: master:/dev/sdb1
time: Mon Apr 6 02:39:40 2020
session label: "dump_sdb1"
session id: c378e1cd-7b83-4082-8c9e-23b81846a2f5
level: 0
resumed: NO
subtree: NO
streams: 1
stream 0:
pathname: /backup/dump_sdb1
start: ino 67 offset 0
end: ino 70 offset 0
interrupted: NO
media files: 1
media file 0:
mfile index: 0
mfile type: data
mfile size: 24056
mfile start: ino 67 offset 0
mfile end: ino 70 offset 0
media label: "sdb1"
media id: 32613bce-0fb1-4fd5-bd81-2166246de691
xfsdump: Dump Status: SUCCESS
模拟误删除数据
[root@master ~]# rm -f /mnt/xfs/* -r [root@master ~]# ll /mnt/xfs/ total 0
恢复文件
[root@master ~]# xfsrestore -f /backup/dump_sdb1 /mnt/xfs xfsrestore: using file dump (drive_simple) strategy xfsrestore: version 3.1.7 (dump format 3.0) - type ^C for status and control xfsrestore: searching media for dump xfsrestore: examining media file 0 xfsrestore: dump description: xfsrestore: hostname: master xfsrestore: mount point: /mnt/xfs xfsrestore: volume: /dev/sdb1 xfsrestore: session time: Mon Apr 6 02:39:40 2020 xfsrestore: level: 0 xfsrestore: session label: "dump_sdb1" xfsrestore: media label: "sdb1" xfsrestore: file system id: 3c9dc4de-31ff-4092-8540-d8eae0b2c1d3 xfsrestore: session id: c378e1cd-7b83-4082-8c9e-23b81846a2f5 xfsrestore: media id: 32613bce-0fb1-4fd5-bd81-2166246de691 xfsrestore: using online session inventory xfsrestore: searching media for directory dump xfsrestore: reading directories xfsrestore: 2 directories and 3 entries processed xfsrestore: directory post-processing xfsrestore: restoring non-directory files xfsrestore: restore complete: 0 seconds elapsed xfsrestore: Restore Summary: xfsrestore: stream 0 /backup/dump_sdb1 OK (success) xfsrestore: Restore Status: SUCCESS [root@master ~]# ll /mnt/xfs/ num.txt test/ [root@master ~]# ll /mnt/xfs/test/ total 4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5 Apr 6 02:35 num.txt
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/zh-dream/p/12644158.html