Determining application path in a Python EXE generated by pyInstaller

问题

I have an application that resides in a single .py file. I\'ve been able to get pyInstaller to bundle it successfully into an EXE for Windows. The problem is, the application requires a .cfg file that always sits directly beside the application in the same directory.

Normally, I build the path using the following code:

import os
config_name = \'myapp.cfg\'
config_path = os.path.join(sys.path[0], config_name)

However, it seems the sys.path is blank when its called from an EXE generated by pyInstaller. This same behaviour occurs when you run the python interactive command line and try to fetch sys.path[0].

Is there a more concrete way of getting the path of the currently running application so that I can find files that are relative to it?

回答1:

I found a solution. You need to check if the application is running as a script or as a frozen exe:

import os
import sys

config_name = 'myapp.cfg'

# determine if application is a script file or frozen exe
if getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
    application_path = os.path.dirname(sys.executable)
elif __file__:
    application_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)

config_path = os.path.join(application_path, config_name)

回答2:

According to the documentation of pyInstaller, the suggested method of recovering application path is as follows:

#!/usr/bin/python3
import sys, os
if getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
    # If the application is run as a bundle, the pyInstaller bootloader
    # extends the sys module by a flag frozen=True and sets the app 
    # path into variable _MEIPASS'.
    application_path = sys._MEIPASS
else:
    application_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))

Tested for pyInstaller v3.2, but this certainly has been working for earlier versions as well.

Soviut's solution does not work, at least not in general for recent versions of pyInstaller (note that the OP is many years old). For instance, on MacOS, when bundling an application into a one-file-bundle, sys.executable points only to the location of the embedded archive, which is not the location where the application actually runs after the pyInstaller bootloader has created a temporary application environment. Only sys._MEIPASS correctly points to that location. Refer to this doc-page for further information on how pyInstaller works.

回答3:

I shortened the code a bit.

import os, sys

if getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
    application_path = os.path.dirname(sys.executable)
    os.chdir(application_path)

logging.debug('CWD: ' + os.getcwd())

But, sys._MEIPASS pointed to a wrong directory. I think it also needs sys._MEIPASS + \app_name

回答4:

os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0])

That works for me.

回答5:

__file__ works from command line with python executable. It also gives the script file name without actual path in frozen mode. However it gives error in interactive mode.

The following will work for all three modes:

import sys,os

config_name = 'myapp.cfg'

if getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
    application_path = os.path.dirname(sys.executable)
    running_mode = 'Frozen/executable'
else:
    try:
        app_full_path = os.path.realpath(__file__)
        application_path = os.path.dirname(app_full_path)
        running_mode = "Non-interactive (e.g. 'python myapp.py')"
    except NameError:
        application_path = os.getcwd()
        running_mode = 'Interactive'

config_full_path = os.path.join(application_path, config_name)

print('Running mode:', running_mode)
print('  Appliction path  :', application_path)
print('  Config full path :', config_full_path)

Output in three different modes:

Running mode: Interactive
  Appliction path  : C:\Projects\MyAppDir
  Config full path : C:\Projects\MyAppDir\myapp.cfg

C:\Projects\MyAppDir>myapp.exe
Running mode: Frozen/executable
  Appliction path  : C:\Program Files\myapp
  Config full path : C:\Program Files\myapp\myapp.cfg

C:\Projects\MyAppDir>python myapp.py
Running mode: Non-interactive (e.g. 'python myapp.py')
  Appliction path  : C:\Projects\MyAppDir
  Config full path : C:\Projects\MyAppDir\myapp.cfg

C:\Projects\MyAppDir>

回答6:

Many answers here but I found this solution works in most situations:

import os
import sys
import os.path as op
try:
    this_file = __file__
except NameError:
    this_file = sys.argv[0]
this_file = op.abspath(this_file)
if getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
    application_path = getattr(sys, '_MEIPASS', op.dirname(sys.executable))
else:
    application_path = op.dirname(this_file)

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/404744/determining-application-path-in-a-python-exe-generated-by-pyinstaller

标签

python

executable

relative-path

pyinstaller