haskell random instance of own datatype

问题

I am working on an Asteroid game made in Haskell with Graphics.gloss. Now I have defined a datatype for the asteroids like this:

data Asteroid = Asteroid {   asteroidPos:: Point, 
                             asteroidVel   :: Vector,
                             asteroidSize  :: Float }

So that it has a Position defined by a point, a velocity defined by a vector and it's size. Now I want to know how I could write an instance of Random for this datatype so that a new asteroid appears at a random time, on a random place with a random velocity. Does anyone know how I can accomplish this?

回答1:

There's already a Random instance for Float. Assuming that you also have Random instances for Vector and Point, you can use them to define a Random instance for Asteroid:

instance Random Asteroid where
  randomR (Asteroid pl vl sl, Asteroid ph vh sh) g =
    let (p, g1) = randomR (pl, ph) g
        (v, g2) = randomR (vl, vh) g1
        (s, g3) = randomR (sl, sh) g2
    in (Asteroid p v s, g3)
  random g =
    let (p, g1) = random g
        (v, g2) = random g1
        (s, g3) = random g2
    in (Asteroid p v s, g3)

The randomR function takes a range of values, from minimum (low) to maximum (high). How you define a meaningful range of a complex value like Asteroid, I'll leave up to you; here, I'm simply assuming that you can pass a low and high Asteroid value.

The first step uses the underlying Random instance for Point by calling randomR. p is a randomly generated Point value, and g1 is the next random generator value to use.

Likewise, v is a randomly generated Vector value, generated by the underlying instance for Vector.

Finally, s is a Float generated by randomR for Float.

The return value is a new Asteroid value composed from p, v, and s, plus the most recent generator g3.

The implementation of random follows the same template.

You could write this code in a prettier form, using e.g. using MonadRandom, but for starters, I left the code in its raw form to show how it works.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47133198/haskell-random-instance-of-own-datatype