python pandas pivot: How to do a proper tidyr-like spread?

问题

I am missing spontaneous and easy conversion from long to wide and vice versa in Python. Imagine, I have a large tidy dataframe with a lot of property-columns and a single column that contains all the actual values like

PropA ... PropZ    Value
green     Saturn   400
green     Venus    3
red       Venus    2
.
.

The data itself is very nicely handled by keeping it tidy. But sometimes I have to perform some actions across certain properties (for instance it might be interesting to compare beeing red vs beeing green (for all the items that are similar w.r.t the other properties)). So the straight-forward way would be to keep it tidy as much as possible and only untidy the certain property which i am interested in (PropA). Subsequently, I could perform a row-wise map with whatever function I desire and I could create an additional PropA-Entry which contains the function-ouput.

However, keeping all the other properties tidy is not as easy in Python as I was used to by using R. The reason is, all the not-pivotal properties are surrendered to the index with all the pd-methods I found. Thats a whole mess if I have some more columns I want to keep.

So how do you get along with this problem. Is there some neat other way of dealing with those type of problems?

---

I have written a spread-method myself, but it is awefully slow. Maybe, you ahve some ideas how I can improve.

#the idea is to group by the remaining properties, which should be left in the long format.
#then i spread the small tidy data table for any group
    @staticmethod
    def spread(df, propcol, valcol):
        def flip(data,pc,vc):
            data = data.reset_index(drop=True)
            return {data[pc][i]:[data[vc][i]] for i in range(0,len(data))}

        #index columns are all which are not affected
        indcols = list(df.columns)
        indcols.remove(propcol)
        indcols.remove(valcol)

        tmpdf=pd.DataFrame()
        for key, group in df.groupby(indcols):
            dc1 = {a:[b] for (a,b) in zip(indcols,key)}
            dc2 = flip(group,propcol,valcol)
            tmpdf = pd.concat([tmpdf,pd.concat([pd.DataFrame(dc1),pd.DataFrame(dc2)],axis=1)])

        return tmpdf.reset_index(drop = True)

回答1:

with help of the hint, i've created a simplier version. i am still a little confused with the index mechanic, but time will help me get a better understanding.

def spread(df, propcol, valcol):
    indcol = list(df.columns.drop(valcol))
    df = df.set_index(indcol).unstack(propcol).reset_index()
    df.columns = [i[1] if i[0] == valcol else i[0] for i in df.columns]
    return df

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45220904/python-pandas-pivot-how-to-do-a-proper-tidyr-like-spread