问题
I\'ve got an array of arrays, something like:
[
[1,2,3],
[1,2,3],
[1,2,3],
]
I would like to transpose it to get the following array:
[
[1,1,1],
[2,2,2],
[3,3,3],
]
It\'s not difficult to programmatically do so using loops:
function transposeArray(array, arrayLength){
var newArray = [];
for(var i = 0; i < array.length; i++){
newArray.push([]);
};
for(var i = 0; i < array.length; i++){
for(var j = 0; j < arrayLength; j++){
newArray[j].push(array[i][j]);
};
};
return newArray;
}
This, however, seems bulky, and I feel like there should be an easier way to do it. Is there?
回答1:
array[0].map((col, i) => array.map(row => row[i]));
mapcalls a providedcallbackfunction once for each element in an array, in order, and constructs a new array from the results.callbackis invoked only for indexes of the array which have assigned values; it is not invoked for indexes which have been deleted or which have never been assigned values.
callbackis invoked with three arguments: the value of the element, the index of the element, and the Array object being traversed. [source]
回答2:
You could use underscore.js
_.zip.apply(_, [[1,2,3], [1,2,3], [1,2,3]])
回答3:
here is my implementation in modern browser (without dependency):
transpose = m => m[0].map((x,i) => m.map(x => x[i]))
回答4:
shortest way with lodash/underscore and es6:
_.zip(...matrix)
where matrix could be:
const matrix = [[1,2,3], [1,2,3], [1,2,3]];
回答5:
Many good answers here! I consolidated them into one answer and updated some of the code for a more modern syntax:
One-liners inspired by Fawad Ghafoor and Óscar Gómez Alcañiz
function transpose(matrix) {
return matrix[0].map((col, i) => matrix.map(row => row[i]));
}
function transpose(matrix) {
return matrix[0].map((col, c) => matrix.map((row, r) => matrix[r][c]));
}
Functional approach style with reduce by Andrew Tatomyr
function transpose(matrix) {
return matrix.reduce((prev, next) => next.map((item, i) =>
(prev[i] || []).concat(next[i])
), []);
}
Lodash/Underscore by marcel
function tranpose(matrix) {
return _.zip(...matrix);
}
// Without spread operator.
function transpose(matrix) {
return _.zip.apply(_, [[1,2,3], [1,2,3], [1,2,3]])
}
Vanilla approach
function transpose(matrix) {
const rows = matrix.length, cols = matrix[0].length;
const grid = [];
for (let j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
grid[j] = Array(rows);
}
for (let i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (let j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
grid[j][i] = matrix[i][j];
}
}
return grid;
}
Vanilla in-place ES6 approach inspired by Emanuel Saringan
function transpose(matrix) {
for (var i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
for (var j = 0; j < i; j++) {
const temp = matrix[i][j];
matrix[i][j] = matrix[j][i];
matrix[j][i] = temp;
}
}
}
// Using destructing
function transpose(matrix) {
for (var i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
for (var j = 0; j < i; j++) {
[matrix[i][j], matrix[j][i]] = [matrix[j][i], matrix[i][j]];
}
}
}
回答6:
You can do it in in-place by doing only one pass:
function transpose(arr,arrLen) {
for (var i = 0; i < arrLen; i++) {
for (var j = 0; j <i; j++) {
//swap element[i,j] and element[j,i]
var temp = arr[i][j];
arr[i][j] = arr[j][i];
arr[j][i] = temp;
}
}
}
回答7:
Neat and pure:
[[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]].reduce((prev, next) => next.map((item, i) =>
(prev[i] || []).concat(next[i])
), []); // [[0, 2, 4], [1, 3, 5]]
Previous solutions may lead to failure in case an empty array is provided.
Here it is as a function:
function transpose(array) {
return array.reduce((prev, next) => next.map((item, i) =>
(prev[i] || []).concat(next[i])
), []);
}
console.log(transpose([[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]]));
Update. It can be written even better with spread operator:
const transpose = matrix => matrix.reduce(($, row) =>
row.map((_, i) => [...($[i] || []), row[i]]),
[]
)
回答8:
Just another variation using Array.map. Using indexes allows to transpose matrices where M != N:
// Get just the first row to iterate columns first
var t = matrix[0].map(function (col, c) {
// For each column, iterate all rows
return matrix.map(function (row, r) {
return matrix[r][c];
});
});
All there is to transposing is mapping the elements column-first, and then by row.
回答9:
If you have an option of using Ramda JS and ES6 syntax, then here's another way to do it:
const transpose = a => R.map(c => R.map(r => r[c], a), R.keys(a[0]));
console.log(transpose([
[1, 2, 3, 4],
[5, 6, 7, 8],
[9, 10, 11, 12]
])); // => [[1,5,9],[2,6,10],[3,7,11],[4,8,12]]<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/ramda/0.22.1/ramda.min.js"></script>回答10:
If using RamdaJS is an option, this can be achieved in one line: R.transpose(myArray)
回答11:
Another approach by iterating the array from outside to inside and reduce the matrix by mapping inner values.
const
transpose = array => array.reduce((r, a) => a.map((v, i) => [...(r[i] || []), v]), []),
matrix = [[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3]];
console.log(transpose(matrix));回答12:
You can achieve this without loops by using the following.
- Array
- Array.prototype.map
- Array.prototype.reduce
- Array.prototype.join
- String.prototype.split
It looks very elegant and it does not require any dependencies such as jQuery of Underscore.js.
function transpose(matrix) {
return zeroFill(getMatrixWidth(matrix)).map(function(r, i) {
return zeroFill(matrix.length).map(function(c, j) {
return matrix[j][i];
});
});
}
function getMatrixWidth(matrix) {
return matrix.reduce(function (result, row) {
return Math.max(result, row.length);
}, 0);
}
function zeroFill(n) {
return new Array(n+1).join('0').split('').map(Number);
}
Minified
function transpose(m){return zeroFill(m.reduce(function(m,r){return Math.max(m,r.length)},0)).map(function(r,i){return zeroFill(m.length).map(function(c,j){return m[j][i]})})}function zeroFill(n){return new Array(n+1).join("0").split("").map(Number)}
Here is a demo I threw together. Notice the lack of loops :-)
// Create a 5 row, by 9 column matrix.
var m = CoordinateMatrix(5, 9);
// Make the matrix an irregular shape.
m[2] = m[2].slice(0, 5);
m[4].pop();
// Transpose and print the matrix.
println(formatMatrix(transpose(m)));
function Matrix(rows, cols, defaultVal) {
return AbstractMatrix(rows, cols, function(r, i) {
return arrayFill(cols, defaultVal);
});
}
function ZeroMatrix(rows, cols) {
return AbstractMatrix(rows, cols, function(r, i) {
return zeroFill(cols);
});
}
function CoordinateMatrix(rows, cols) {
return AbstractMatrix(rows, cols, function(r, i) {
return zeroFill(cols).map(function(c, j) {
return [i, j];
});
});
}
function AbstractMatrix(rows, cols, rowFn) {
return zeroFill(rows).map(function(r, i) {
return rowFn(r, i);
});
}
/** Matrix functions. */
function formatMatrix(matrix) {
return matrix.reduce(function (result, row) {
return result + row.join('\t') + '\n';
}, '');
}
function copy(matrix) {
return zeroFill(matrix.length).map(function(r, i) {
return zeroFill(getMatrixWidth(matrix)).map(function(c, j) {
return matrix[i][j];
});
});
}
function transpose(matrix) {
return zeroFill(getMatrixWidth(matrix)).map(function(r, i) {
return zeroFill(matrix.length).map(function(c, j) {
return matrix[j][i];
});
});
}
function getMatrixWidth(matrix) {
return matrix.reduce(function (result, row) {
return Math.max(result, row.length);
}, 0);
}
/** Array fill functions. */
function zeroFill(n) {
return new Array(n+1).join('0').split('').map(Number);
}
function arrayFill(n, defaultValue) {
return zeroFill(n).map(function(value) {
return defaultValue || value;
});
}
/** Print functions. */
function print(str) {
str = Array.isArray(str) ? str.join(' ') : str;
return document.getElementById('out').innerHTML += str || '';
}
function println(str) {
print.call(null, [].slice.call(arguments, 0).concat(['<br />']));
}#out {
white-space: pre;
}<div id="out"></div>回答13:
ES6 1liners as :
let invert = a => a[0].map((col, c) => a.map((row, r) => a[r][c]))
so same as Óscar's, but as would you rather rotate it clockwise :
let rotate = a => a[0].map((col, c) => a.map((row, r) => a[r][c]).reverse())
回答14:
Edit: This answer would not transpose the matrix, but rotate it. I didn't read the question carefully in the first place :D
clockwise and counterclockwise rotation:
function rotateCounterClockwise(a){
var n=a.length;
for (var i=0; i<n/2; i++) {
for (var j=i; j<n-i-1; j++) {
var tmp=a[i][j];
a[i][j]=a[j][n-i-1];
a[j][n-i-1]=a[n-i-1][n-j-1];
a[n-i-1][n-j-1]=a[n-j-1][i];
a[n-j-1][i]=tmp;
}
}
return a;
}
function rotateClockwise(a) {
var n=a.length;
for (var i=0; i<n/2; i++) {
for (var j=i; j<n-i-1; j++) {
var tmp=a[i][j];
a[i][j]=a[n-j-1][i];
a[n-j-1][i]=a[n-i-1][n-j-1];
a[n-i-1][n-j-1]=a[j][n-i-1];
a[j][n-i-1]=tmp;
}
}
return a;
}
回答15:
I found the above answers either hard to read or too verbose, so I write one myself. And I think this is most intuitive way to implement transpose in linear algebra, you don't do value exchange, but just insert each element into the right place in the new matrix:
function transpose(matrix) {
const rows = matrix.length
const cols = matrix[0].length
let grid = []
for (let col = 0; col < cols; col++) {
grid[col] = []
}
for (let row = 0; row < rows; row++) {
for (let col = 0; col < cols; col++) {
grid[col][row] = matrix[row][col]
}
}
return grid
}
回答16:
I think this is slightly more readable. It uses Array.from and logic is identical to using nested loops:
var arr = [
[1, 2, 3, 4],
[1, 2, 3, 4],
[1, 2, 3, 4]
];
/*
* arr[0].length = 4 = number of result rows
* arr.length = 3 = number of result cols
*/
var result = Array.from({ length: arr[0].length }, function(x, row) {
return Array.from({ length: arr.length }, function(x, col) {
return arr[col][row];
});
});
console.log(result);If you are dealing with arrays of unequal length you need to replace arr[0].length with something else:
var arr = [
[1, 2],
[1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 4]
];
/*
* arr[0].length = 4 = number of result rows
* arr.length = 3 = number of result cols
*/
var result = Array.from({ length: arr.reduce(function(max, item) { return item.length > max ? item.length : max; }, 0) }, function(x, row) {
return Array.from({ length: arr.length }, function(x, col) {
return arr[col][row];
});
});
console.log(result);回答17:
function invertArray(array,arrayWidth,arrayHeight) {
var newArray = [];
for (x=0;x<arrayWidth;x++) {
newArray[x] = [];
for (y=0;y<arrayHeight;y++) {
newArray[x][y] = array[y][x];
}
}
return newArray;
}
回答18:
A library-free implementation in TypeScript that works for any matrix shape that won't truncate your arrays:
const rotate2dArray = <T>(array2d: T[][]) => {
const rotated2d: T[][] = []
return array2d.reduce((acc, array1d, index2d) => {
array1d.forEach((value, index1d) => {
if (!acc[index1d]) acc[index1d] = []
acc[index1d][index2d] = value
})
return acc
}, rotated2d)
}
回答19:
One-liner that does not change given array.
a[0].map((col, i) => a.map(([...row]) => row[i]))
回答20:
reverseValues(values) {
let maxLength = values.reduce((acc, val) => Math.max(val.length, acc), 0);
return [...Array(maxLength)].map((val, index) => values.map((v) => v[index]));
}
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17428587/transposing-a-2d-array-in-javascript