How to fix this error? Invalid variance: The type parameter 'T' must be invariantly valid on

问题

I'm having the below error message at compile time:

"Invalid variance: The type parameter 'T' must be invariantly valid on 'ConsoleApplication1.IRepository.GetAll()'. 'T' is covariant."

and the below is my code:

 class Program
{

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        IRepository<BaseClass> repository;

        repository = new RepositoryDerived1<Derived1>();

        Console.ReadLine();
    }
}

public abstract class BaseClass
{

}

public class Derived1 : BaseClass
{

}

public interface IRepository<out T> where T: BaseClass, new()
{
    IList<T> GetAll();
}

public class Derived2 : BaseClass
{

}

public abstract class RepositoryBase<T> : IRepository<T> where T: BaseClass, new()
{
    public abstract IList<T> GetAll();
}

public class RepositoryDerived1<T> : RepositoryBase<T> where T: BaseClass, new()
{
    public override IList<T> GetAll()
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }
}

What I would need is to be able to use the above class like this:

IRepository repository;

RepositoryBase repository;

Then I'd like to be able to assign something like this:

repository = new RepositoryDerived1();

But it gives compile time error on the IRepository class.

If I remove the "out" keyword from the IRepository class, it gives me another error that

"RepositoryDerived1" can not be converted to "IRepository".

Why and how to fix it?

Thanks

回答1:

IList<T> is not covariant. If you change the IList<T> to IEnumerable<T>, and remove the : new() constraint from IRepository<out T> (as the abstract base class doesn't satisfy that) it'll work:

public interface IRepository<out T> where T : BaseClass
{
    IEnumerable<T> GetAll();
}

public abstract class RepositoryBase<T> : IRepository<T> where T : BaseClass, new()
{
    public abstract IEnumerable<T> GetAll();
}

public class RepositoryDerived1<T> : RepositoryBase<T> where T : BaseClass, new()
{
    public override IEnumerable<T> GetAll()
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }
}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7416705/how-to-fix-this-error-invalid-variance-the-type-parameter-t-must-be-invarian

标签

generics

covariance

contravariance