Multiple clipping areas on Fabric.js canvas

问题

For making Photo Collage Maker, I use fabric js which has an object-based clipping feature. This feature is great but the image inside that clipping region cannot be scaled, moved or rotated. I want a fixed position clipping region and the image can be positioned inside the fixed clipping area as the user want.

I googled and find very near solution.

var canvas = new fabric.Canvas('c');
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.rect(10,10,150,150);
ctx.rect(180,10,200,200);
ctx.closePath();
ctx.stroke();
ctx.clip();

Multiple Clipping Areas on fabric js canvas

where the image of one clipping region has appeared in another clipping region. How can I avoid this or is there another way of accomplishing this using fabric js.

回答1:

This can be accomplished with Fabric using the clipTo property, but you have to 'reverse' the transformations (scale and rotation), in the clipTo function.

When you use the clipTo property in Fabric, the scaling and rotation are applied after the clipping, which means that the clipping is scaled and rotated with the image. You have to counter this by applying the exact reverse of the transformations in the clipTo property function.

My solution involves having a Fabric.Rect serve as the 'placeholder' for the clip region (this has advantages because you can use Fabric to move the object around and thus the clip region.

Please note that my solution uses the Lo-Dash utility library, particularly for _.bind() (see code for context).

Example Fiddle

---

Breakdown

1. Initialize Fabric

First, we want our canvas, of course:

var canvas = new fabric.Canvas('c');

2. Clip Region

var clipRect1 = new fabric.Rect({
    originX: 'left',
    originY: 'top',
    left: 180,
    top: 10,
    width: 200,
    height: 200,
    fill: 'none',
    stroke: 'black',
    strokeWidth: 2,
    selectable: false
});

We give these Rect objects a name property, clipFor, so the clipTo functions can find the one by which they want to be clipped:

clipRect1.set({
    clipFor: 'pug'
});
canvas.add(clipRect1);

There doesn't have to be an actual object for the clip region, but it makes it easier to manage, as you're able to move it around using Fabric.

3. Clipping Function

We define the function which will be used by the images' clipTo properties separately to avoid code duplication:

Since the angle property of the Image object is stored in degrees, we'll use this to convert it to radians.

function degToRad(degrees) {
    return degrees * (Math.PI / 180);
}

findByClipName() is a convenience function, which is using Lo-Dash, to find the with the clipFor property for the Image object to be clipped (for example, in the image below, name will be 'pug'):

function findByClipName(name) {
    return _(canvas.getObjects()).where({
            clipFor: name
        }).first()
}

And this is the part that does the work:

var clipByName = function (ctx) {
    var clipRect = findByClipName(this.clipName);
    var scaleXTo1 = (1 / this.scaleX);
    var scaleYTo1 = (1 / this.scaleY);
    ctx.save();
    ctx.translate(0,0);
    ctx.rotate(degToRad(this.angle * -1));
    ctx.scale(scaleXTo1, scaleYTo1);
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.rect(
        clipRect.left - this.left,
        clipRect.top - this.top,
        clipRect.width,
        clipRect.height
    );
    ctx.closePath();
    ctx.restore();
}

NOTE: See below for an explanation of the use of this in the function above.

4. fabric.Image object using clipByName()

Finally, the image can be instantiated and made to use the clipByName function like this:

var pugImg = new Image();
pugImg.onload = function (img) {    
    var pug = new fabric.Image(pugImg, {
        angle: 45,
        width: 500,
        height: 500,
        left: 230,
        top: 170,
        scaleX: 0.3,
        scaleY: 0.3,
        clipName: 'pug',
        clipTo: function(ctx) { 
            return _.bind(clipByName, pug)(ctx) 
        }
    });
    canvas.add(pug);
};
pugImg.src = 'https://fabricjs.com/lib/pug.jpg';

What does _.bind() do?

Note that the reference is wrapped in the _.bind() function.

I'm using _.bind() for the following two reasons:

1. We need to pass a reference Image object to clipByName()
2. The clipTo property is passed the canvas context, not the object.

Basically, _.bind() lets you create a version of the function that uses the object you specify as the this context.

Sources

1. https://lodash.com/docs#bind
2. https://fabricjs.com/docs/fabric.Object.html#clipTo
3. https://html5.litten.com/understanding-save-and-restore-for-the-canvas-context/

回答2:

I have tweaked the solution by @natchiketa as the positioning of the clip region was not positioning correctly and was all wonky upon rotation. But all seems to be good now. Check out this modified fiddle: https://jsfiddle.net/PromInc/ZxYCP/

The only real changes were made in the clibByName function of step 3 of the code provided by @natchiketa. This is the updated function:

var clipByName = function (ctx) {
    this.setCoords();

    var clipRect = findByClipName(this.clipName);

    var scaleXTo1 = (1 / this.scaleX);
    var scaleYTo1 = (1 / this.scaleY);
    ctx.save();

    var ctxLeft = -( this.width / 2 ) + clipRect.strokeWidth;
    var ctxTop = -( this.height / 2 ) + clipRect.strokeWidth;
    var ctxWidth = clipRect.width - clipRect.strokeWidth + 1;
    var ctxHeight = clipRect.height - clipRect.strokeWidth + 1;

    ctx.translate( ctxLeft, ctxTop );

    ctx.rotate(degToRad(this.angle * -1));
    ctx.scale(scaleXTo1, scaleYTo1);
    ctx.beginPath();

    ctx.rect(
        clipRect.left - this.oCoords.tl.x,
        clipRect.top - this.oCoords.tl.y,
        ctxWidth,
        ctxHeight
    );
    ctx.closePath();
    ctx.restore();
}

Two minor catches I found:

1. Adding a stroke to the clipping object seems to throw things off by a few pixels. I tried to compensate for the positioning, but then upon rotation, it would add 2 pixels to the bottom and right sides. So, I've opted to just remove it completely.
2. Once in a while when you rotate the image, it will end up with a 1px spacing on random sides in the clipping.

回答3:

Update to @Promlnc answer.

You need to replace the order of context transformations in order to perform proper clipping.

1. translation
2. scaling
3. rotation

Otherwise, you will get wrongly clipped object - when you scale without keeping aspect ratio (changing only one dimension).

Code (69-72):

ctx.translate( ctxLeft, ctxTop );

ctx.rotate(degToRad(this.angle * -1));
ctx.scale(scaleXTo1, scaleYTo1);

Replace to:

ctx.translate( ctxLeft, ctxTop );
ctx.scale(scaleXTo1, scaleYTo1);
ctx.rotate(degToRad(this.angle * -1));

See this: https://jsfiddle.net/ZxYCP/185/

Proper result:

UPDATE 1:

I have developed a feature to clip by polygon: https://jsfiddle.net/ZxYCP/198/

回答4:

This can be done much more easily. Fabric provides render method to clip by the context of another object.

Checkout this fiddle. I saw this on a comment here.

obj.clipTo = function(ctx) {
    ctx.save();
    ctx.setTransform(1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);

    clippingRect.render(ctx);

    ctx.restore();
};

回答5:

As I tested all fiddles above they have one bug. It is when you will flip X and Y values together, clipping boundaries will be wrong. Also, in order not doing all calculations for placing images into the right position, you need to specify originX='center' and originY='center' for them.

Here is a clipping function update to original code from @natchiketa

var clipByName = function (ctx) {
    var clipRect = findByClipName(this.clipName);
    var scaleXTo1 = (1 / this.scaleX);
    var scaleYTo1 = (1 / this.scaleY);
    ctx.save();
    ctx.translate(0,0);

    //logic for correct scaling
    if (this.getFlipY() && !this.getFlipX()){
      ctx.scale(scaleXTo1, -scaleYTo1);
    } else if (this.getFlipX() && !this.getFlipY()){
      ctx.scale(-scaleXTo1, scaleYTo1);
    } else if (this.getFlipX() && this.getFlipY()){
      ctx.scale(-scaleXTo1, -scaleYTo1);
    } else {
        ctx.scale(scaleXTo1, scaleYTo1);
    }
    //IMPORTANT!!! do rotation after scaling
    ctx.rotate(degToRad(this.angle * -1));
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.rect(
        clipRect.left - this.left,
        clipRect.top - this.top,
        clipRect.width,
        clipRect.height
    );
    ctx.closePath();
    ctx.restore();
}

Please check the updated fiddle

回答6:

With the latest update on fabric 1.6.0-rc.1, you are able to skew the image by hold shift and drag the middle axis.

I have trouble with how to reverse the skew so that the clipping area stays the same. I have tried the following code to try to reverse it back, but didn't work.

var skewXReverse = - this.skewX;
var skewYReverse = - this.skewY;

ctx.translate( ctxLeft, ctxTop );
ctx.scale(scaleXTo1, scaleYTo1);
ctx.transform(1, skewXReverse, skewYReverse, 1, 0, 0);
ctx.rotate(degToRad(this.angle * -1));

Demo: https://jsfiddle.net/uimos/bntepzLL/5/

回答7:

Update to previous guys answers.

ctx.rect(
    clipRect.oCoords.tl.x - this.oCoords.tl.x - clipRect.strokeWidth,
    clipRect.oCoords.tl.y - this.oCoords.tl.y - clipRect.strokeWidth,
    clipRect.oCoords.tr.x - clipRect.oCoords.tl.x,
    clipRect.oCoords.bl.y - clipRect.oCoords.tl.y
);

Now we are able to scale the clipping area without a doubt.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16437696/multiple-clipping-areas-on-fabric-js-canvas