问题
I'm currently building a single page application using reactjs. I read that many of the reasons for not using localStorage is because of XSS vulnerabilities. Since React escapes all user input, would it now be safe to use localStorage?
回答1:
In most of the modern single page applications, we indeed have to store the token somewhere on the client side (most common use case - to keep the user logged in after a page refresh).
There are a total of 2 options available: Web Storage (session storage, local storage) and a client side cookie. Both options are widely used, but this doesn't mean they are very secure.
Tom Abbott summarizes well the JWT sessionStorage and localStorage security:
Web Storage (localStorage/sessionStorage) is accessible through JavaScript on the same domain. This means that any JavaScript running on your site will have access to web storage, and because of this can be vulnerable to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks. XSS, in a nutshell, is a type of vulnerability where an attacker can inject JavaScript that will run on your page. Basic XSS attacks attempt to inject JavaScript through form inputs, where the attacker puts
<script>alert('You are Hacked');</script>into a form to see if it is run by the browser and can be viewed by other users.
To prevent XSS, the common response is to escape and encode all untrusted data. React (mostly) does that for you! Here's a great discussion about how much XSS vulnerability protection is React responsible for.
But that doesn't cover all possible vulnerabilities! Another potential threat is the usage of JavaScript hosted on CDNs or outside infrastructure.
Here's Tom again:
Modern web apps include 3rd party JavaScript libraries for A/B testing, funnel/market analysis, and ads. We use package managers like Bower to import other peoples’ code into our apps.
What if only one of the scripts you use is compromised? Malicious JavaScript can be embedded on the page, and Web Storage is compromised. These types of XSS attacks can get everyone’s Web Storage that visits your site, without their knowledge. This is probably why a bunch of organizations advise not to store anything of value or trust any information in web storage. This includes session identifiers and tokens.
Therefore, my conclusion is that as a storage mechanism, Web Storage does not enforce any secure standards during transfer. Whoever reads Web Storage and uses it must do their due diligence to ensure they always send the JWT over HTTPS and never HTTP.
回答2:
I know this is an old question but according what @mikejones1477 said, modern front end libraries and frameworks escape the text giving you protection against XSS. The reason why cookies are not a secure method using credentials is that cookies doesn't prevent CSRF when localStorage does (also remember that cookies are accessible by javascript too, so XSS isn't the big problem here), this answer resume why.
The reason storing an authentication token in local storage and manually adding it to each request protects against CSRF is that key word: manual. Since the browser is not automatically sending that auth token, if I visit evil.com and it manages to send a POST http://example.com/delete-my-account, it will not be able to send my authn token, so the request is ignored.
Of course httpOnly is the holy grail but you can't access from reactjs or any js framework beside you still have CSRF vulnerability. My recommendation would be localstorage or if you want to use cookies make sure implemeting some solution to your CSRF problem like django does.
Regarding with the CDN's make sure you're not using some weird CDN, for example CDN like google or bootstrap provide, are maintained by the community and doesn't contain malicious code, if you are not sure, you're free to review.
回答3:
It is not safe if you use CDN's:
Malicious JavaScript can be embedded on the page, and Web Storage is compromised. These types of XSS attacks can get everyone’s Web Storage that visits your site, without their knowledge. This is probably why a bunch of organizations advise not to store anything of value or trust any information in web storage. This includes session identifiers and tokens.
via stormpath
Any script you require from the outside could potentially be compromised and could grab any JWTS from your client's storage and send personal data back to the attacker's server.
回答4:
Basically it's OK to store your JWT in your localStorage.
And I think this is a good way. If we are talking about XSS, XSS using CDN, it's also a potential risk of getting your client's login/pass as well. Storing data in local storage will prevent CSRF attacks at least.
You need to be aware of both and choose what you want. Both attacks it's not all you are need to be aware of, just remember: YOUR ENTIRE APP IS ONLY AS SECURE AS THE LEAST SECURE POINT OF YOUR APP.
Once again storing is OK, be vulnerable to XSS, CSRF,... isn't
回答5:
Localstorage is designed to be accessible by javascript, so it doesn't provide any XSS protection. As mentioned in other answers, there is a bunch of possible ways to do an XSS attack, from which localstorage is not protected by default.
However, cookies have security flags which protect from XSS and CSRF attacks. HttpOnly flag prevents client side javascript from accessing the cookie, Secure flag only allows the browser to transfer the cookie through ssl, and SameSite flag ensures that the cookie is sent only to the origin. Although I just checked and SameSite is currently supported only in Opera and Chrome, so to protect from CSRF it's better to use other strategies. For example, sending an encrypted token in another cookie with some public user data.
So cookies are a more secure choice for storing authentication data.
回答6:
A way to look at this is to consider the level of risk or harm.
Are you building an app with no users, POC/MVP? Are you a startup who needs to get to market and test your app quickly? If yes, I would probably just implement the simplest solution and maintain focus on finding product-market-fit. Use localStorage as its often easier to implement.
Are you building a v2 of an app with many daily active users or an app that people/businesses are heavily dependent on. Would getting hacked mean little or no room for recovery? If so, I would take a long hard look at your dependencies and consider storing token information in an http-only cookie.
Using both localStorage and cookie/session storage have their own pros and cons.
As stated by first answer: If your application has an XSS vulnerability, neither will protect your user. Since most modern applications have a dozen or more different dependencies, it becomes increasingly difficult to guarantee that one of your application's dependencies is not XSS vulnerable.
If your application does have an XSS vulnerability and a hacker has been able to exploit it, the hacker will be able to perform actions on behalf of your user. The hacker can perform GET/POST requests by retrieving token from localStorage or can perform POST requests if token is stored in a http-only cookie.
The only down-side of the storing your token in local storage is the hacker will be able to read your token.
回答7:
Isn't neither localStorage or httpOnly cookie acceptable? In regards to a compromised 3rd party library, the only solution I know of that will reduce / prevent sensitive information from being stolen would be enforced Subresource Integrity.
Subresource Integrity (SRI) is a security feature that enables browsers to verify that resources they fetch (for example, from a CDN) are delivered without unexpected manipulation. It works by allowing you to provide a cryptographic hash that a fetched resource must match.
As long as the compromised 3rd party library is active on your website, a keylogger can start collecting info like username, password, and whatever else you input into the site.
An httpOnly cookie will prevent access from another computer but will do nothing to prevent the hacker from manipulating the user's computer.
回答8:
It is safe to store your token in localStorage as long as you encrypt it. Below is a compressed code snippet showing one of many ways you can do it.
import SimpleCrypto from 'simple-crypto-js';
const saveToken = (token = '') => {
const encryptInit = new SimpleCrypto('PRIVATE_KEY_STORED_IN_ENV_FILE');
const encryptedToken = encryptInit.encrypt(token);
localStorage.setItem('token', encryptedToken);
}
Then, before using your token decrypt it using PRIVATE_KEY_STORED_IN_ENV_FILE
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44133536/is-it-safe-to-store-a-jwt-in-localstorage-with-reactjs