How to access attribute of interface

问题

It was my intention to use the HTTP status codes both in the header and the body of the two response structs. Bu that without setting the status code twice as function parameter and again for the struct to avoid redundancy.

The parameter response of JSON() is an interface to allow both structs to be accepted. The compiler throws the following exception:

response.Status undefined (type interface {} has no field or method Status)

because the response field must not have a status attribute. Is there an alternative way to avoid setting the status code twice?

type Response struct {
    Status int         `json:"status"`
    Data   interface{} `json:"data"`
}

type ErrorResponse struct {
    Status int      `json:"status"`
    Errors []string `json:"errors"`
}

func JSON(rw http.ResponseWriter, response interface{}) {
    payload, _ := json.MarshalIndent(response, "", "    ")
    rw.WriteHeader(response.Status)
    ...
}

回答1:

The type response in rw.WriteHeader(response.Status) is interface{}. In Go, you need to explicitly assert the type of the underlying struct and then access the field:

func JSON(rw http.ResponseWriter, response interface{}) {
    payload, _ := json.MarshalIndent(response, "", "    ")
    switch r := response.(type) {
    case ErrorResponse:
        rw.WriteHeader(r.Status)
    case Response:
        rw.WriteHeader(r.Status) 
    }
    ...
}

A better and the preferred way to do this however is to define a common interface for your responses, that has a method for getting the status of the response:

type Statuser interface {
    Status() int
}

// You need to rename the fields to avoid name collision.
func (r Response) Status() int { return r.ResStatus }
func (r ErrorResponse) Status() int { return r.ResStatus }

func JSON(rw http.ResponseWriter, response Statuser) {
    payload, _ := json.MarshalIndent(response, "", "    ")
    rw.WriteHeader(response.Status())
    ...
}

And it's better to rename Response to DataResponse and ResponseInterface to Response, IMO.

回答2:

Interfaces don't have attributes, so you need to extract the struct from the interface. To do this you use a type assertion

if response, ok := response.(ErrorResponse); ok {
    rw.WriteHeader(response.Status)
    ...

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30356592/how-to-access-attribute-of-interface

标签

interface