问题
Recently I decided that it was worth getting a try on basic x86 assembly so that it would be easier to debug programs, etc, etc. So I started (about a week ago) learning x86 assembly, in that time, I upgraded my computer to 8GB ram, so obviusly my x86 Windows XP installation was wasting up all that memory, now, I'm running a x64 Windows 7 copy, so the question is:
Is it possible to work with x86 assembly on a x64 operating system? Will it run properly in the emulator? Or should I learn x64 assembly?
回答1:
Yes, of course. Most programs are still 32 bit and run fine on 64-bit Windows systems. Those programs are machine language, which has a one-to-one mapping with assembly (and can be easily disassembled into x86 assembly code).
回答2:
Is it possible to work with x86 assembly on a x64 operating system? Will it run properly in the emulator?
Yes it is possible & it will run properly. Instruction Set Architecture is always backwards compatible.
Registers in x86-64:
(source: usenix.org)
For example:
Here you can see that rax is the new 64 General Purpose register but you still can use eax as it refers to lower 32 bits of rax.
Or should I learn x64 assembly?
x86-32 architecture is subset of x86-64. Its like first you learnt x86 then go & find whats new in x86-64 assembly. Once you learn x86 asm. Then this will be a useful resource: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~fp/courses/15213-s06/misc/asm64-handout.pdf
回答3:
Linux explicitly implements 32 bit support if the compilation option:
CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION=y
is set.
This is done by most sane distros, including Ubuntu 14.04.
32-bit emulation is of course only possible because x86-64 processors are designed to be backwards compatible with 32-bit executables via a 32-bit emulation mode which the kernel knows how to use.
Another thing you have to worry about is the libraries: to compile 32-bit programs, you need 32-bit libraries. On Ubuntu 14.04 AMD64:
sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib
Then we can easily test it out with a hello world:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main() {
puts("hello world");
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
and:
gcc -m32 hello_world.c
./a.out
Which prints:
hello world
And:
file a.out
confirms that it is 32 bit:
ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.24, BuildID[sha1]=358f7969deeb2f24a8dd932a0d296887af4eae30, not stripped
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2125936/is-it-possible-to-run-x86-assembly-on-a-x64-operating-system