How to duplicate a MySQL database on the same server

三世轮回 提交于 2019-12-02 16:58:12

The mysql command line client will accept a stream of SQL statements from standard input. You can therefore pipe the output of mysqldump directly into mysql on the command line. Doing this as a cron job will regularly overwrite your test data with updated live data:

mysql --user=username --password=passwd -e 'DROP DATABASE test_db;'
mysql --user=username --password=passwd -e 'CREATE DATABASE test_db;'
mysqldump --user=username --password=passwd live_db | mysql --user=username --password=passwd test_db

Note that since your data is large, it will take a long time.

Michaels answer abowe works well but does not copy events, stored procedures or triggers.

To copy those a few more switches is needed for mysqldump: --events --triggers --routines

To complement an already made copy:

mysqldump --user=username --password=passwd --no-data --no-create-info --no-create-db --events --triggers --routines live_db | mysql --user=username --password=passwd test_db

In case you prefer MySQL Migration Toolkit, you may double click on schema name in Data Mapping step and change target schema name.

For all the mac users, with sequel pro all you need to do is go to database (menu) -> Duplicate database. Done!

The problem with MySQLdump is that while it dumps, the live database is either unusable, very awkward to use, or the backup will not be consistent. Unless you have a wide enough time window when the unusability of the live database is not important because the database needs not be in use anyway (for example late at night).

Another possibility if you have space to spare - and, nowadays, 20 Gb is not that much - is that of using an ancillary database.

You can install a second copy of MySQL Server on a different port, and have it be the slave. Then you will have two identical databases (live master, live slave).

When you need to clone the test database, stop the slave replication - the live slave will now remain "frozen" in time - and backup the live slave to the test db, using MySQLbackup or just copying the data files. Once done, you restart the replication.

The impact on the live master is negligible, and the slave can actually be used for non-update-critical selects.

This solution works fine, but it won't do the deal if you are using PHPunit for unit testing.

Using password in command line generates a warning which is catch by PHPUnit and generate an exception (yeah quite a big deal...)

The way to work around this is to use configuration file.

In my case, I don't want to maintain password and user both in configuration files and PHP code, so I generate the configuration file from the code and check out if it exists (otherwise I use the username and password directly in command line as a fall back option).

Here's an example, in PHP, how to copy a setup database to create a new one with a different name (if you are, by example, managing a main domain with a different subdomain/database for each of your customer):

/**
* If the $dbName doesn't exist, then create it.
* 
* @param $errorMessage String to return the error message.
* @param $dbName String name of the database to create.
* @param $cleanExisting Boolean if the database exist, clear it to recreate it.
*
* @return boolean ($dbExists)
*/
private function createDatabase(&$errorMessage, $dbName, $clearExisting = false){

    $command = "";
    $configurationString = "[client]" . "\r\n" . "user=" . parent::$support_user . "\r\n" . "password=" . md5(parent::$support_pass);
    $dbExist = false;
    $path = realpath(dirname(__FILE__));

    $connectionString = " --defaults-extra-file=" . $path . "\mysql.cnf ";

    $dbName = strtolower($dbName);

    if ($this->isDestinationDbNameValid($errorMessage, $dbName)) {

        $dbExist = $this->isDestinationDbExist($errorMessage, $dbName);

        if (empty($errorMessage) and ($dbExist === false or $clearExisting === true)) {

            if (file_put_contents($path . '/mysql.cnf', $configurationString) === false) {

                $connectionString = " --user=" . parent::$support_user . " --password=" . md5(parent::$support_pass). " ";
            }

            if ($dbExist and $clearExisting) {

                $command = $path . '/../../../mysql/bin/mysql ' . $connectionString . ' --execute="DROP DATABASE ' . $dbName  .';" &';
            }

            $command .= '"' . $path . '/../../../mysql/bin/mysql" ' . $connectionString . ' --execute="CREATE DATABASE ' . $dbName . ';" &"' .
                        $path . '/../../../mysql/bin/mysqldump" ' . $connectionString . ' --events --triggers --routines setup | "' .
                        $path . '/../../../mysql/bin/mysql" ' . $connectionString . $dbName;

            exec($command);

            $dbExist = $this->isDestinationDbExist($errorMessage, $dbName);

            if (!$dbExist) {

                $errorMessage = parent::getErrorMessage("COPY_SETUP_DB_ERR", "An error occurred during the duplication process of the setup database.");
            }
        }
    }

    return $dbExist;
}

Additional note:

  1. I had to use double quote (") instead of single quote (') around my SQL statements.

  2. I had to use the ampersand (&) to separate my different command.

  3. This example doesn't include the validation for the new database name (isDestinationDbNameValid() method). No need to mention that you should never trust user input...

  4. You also have to write your custom method to validate that the database copy worked as expected (isDestinationDbExist() method). You should at least validate that the database exist, a table from your setup exist and, optionally, validate for stored programs.

Use the force wisely my friends,

Jonathan Parent-Lévesque from Montreal

易学教程内所有资源均来自网络或用户发布的内容,如有违反法律规定的内容欢迎反馈
该文章没有解决你所遇到的问题?点击提问,说说你的问题,让更多的人一起探讨吧!