terminology | 易学教程

Explain “claims-based authentication” to a 5-year-old

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问题 Well, not exactly to a 5-year-old, but please avoid buzzword and enterprisespeak if possible. Claims-based authentication seems to be all the rage now, but I could not find a simple and down-to-earth explanation of what it actually is, how is it different from what we have now (I assume "what we have now" to be role-based authentication), what are the benefits of using it, etc. 回答1: @Marnix has a pretty good answer, but to step away from the technical aspect of it: Claims Based Authentication

often used seldom defined terms: lvalue

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What is an lvalue? An lvalue is a value that can be assigned to: lvalue = rvalue; It's short for "left value" or "lefthand value" and it's basically just the value on the left of the = sign, i.e. the value you assign something to. As an example of what is not an lvalue (i.e rvalue only): printf("Hello, world!\n") = 100; // WTF? That code doesn't work because printf() (a function that returns an int ) cannot be an lvalue, only an rvalue. It's traditionally the left side of the "=" operator. However, with time, meaning of "lvalue"/"rvalue" changed. C++ added the term of a "non-modifiable lvalue"

Difference between an application server and a servlet container?

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I am trying to understand the difference between a full fledged application server (e.g. Weblogic, JBoss etc.) and a servlet container (Tomcat, Jetty etc.). How do they differ and when to use which? Thanks, Bozho A servlet-container supports only the servlet API (including JSP, JSTL). An application server supports the whole JavaEE - EJB, JMS, CDI, JTA, the servlet API (including JSP, JSTL), etc. It is possible to run most of the JavaEE technologies on a servlet-container, but you have to install a standalone implementation of the particular technology. Broadly speaking, a servlet container

What is an opaque value in C++?

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What is an "opaque value" in C++? An example for an Opaque Value is FILE (from the C library): #include <stdio.h> int main() { FILE * fh = fopen( "foo", "r" ); if ( fh != NULL ) { fprintf( fh, "Hello" ); fclose( fh ); } return 0; } You get a FILE pointer from fopen() , and use it as a parameter for other functions, but you never bother with what it actually points to . "Opaque" is defined, in English, as "not able to be seen through; not transparent". In Computer Science, this means a value which reveals no details other then the type of the value itself. People often use the C type FILE as

What does 'Monkey Patching' exactly Mean in Ruby?

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According to Wikipedia, a monkey patch is: a way to extend or modify the runtime code of dynamic languages [...] without altering the original source code. The following statement from the same entry confused me: In Ruby, the term monkey patch was misunderstood to mean any dynamic modification to a class and is often used as a synonym for dynamically modifying any class at runtime. I would like to know the exact meaning of monkey patching in Ruby. Is it doing something like the following, or is it something else? class String def foo "foo" end end The short answer is that there is no "exact"

What does vanilla mean?

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问题 The vanilla adjective appears in many places: plain-vanilla java, vanilla javascript: what does it exactly mean? From context, is seems to stand for something "plain". When is a specific code considered vanilla and when is it not? Plain, like not wrapped in a framework? 回答1: From wiki : Computer software, and sometimes also other computing-related systems like computer hardware or algorithms, is called Vanilla when not customized from its original form, meaning that it is used without any

Arguments or parameters? [duplicate]

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This question already has an answer here: What's the difference between an argument and a parameter? 31 answers I often find myself confused with how the terms 'arguments' and 'parameters' are used. They seem to be used interchangeably in the programming world. What's the correct convention for their use? Parameters are the things defined by functions as input, arguments are the things passed as parameters. void foo(int bar) { ... } foo(baz); In this example, bar is a parameter for foo . baz is an argument passed to foo . Rinat Abdullin A Parameter is a variable in the declaration of a

What do < and > stand for?

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I know that the entities < and > are used for < and > , but I am curious what these names stand for. Does < stand for something like " Left tag " or is it just a code? biscuitstack < stands for the less-than sign ( < ) > stands for the greater-than sign ( > ) ≤ stands for the less-than or equals sign ( ≤ ) ≥ stands for the greater-than or equals sign ( ≥ ) James Goodwin < Less than: < > Greater than: > They're used to explicitly define less than and greater than symbols. If one wanted to type out <html> and not have it be a tag in the HTML, one would use them. An alternate way is to wrap the

What's the difference between a “script” and an “application”?

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问题 I'm referring to distinctions such as in this answer: ...bash isn't for writing applications it's for, well, scripting. So sure, your application might have some housekeeping scripts but don't go writing critical-business-logic.sh because another language is probably better for stuff like that. As programmer who's worked in many languages, this seems to be C, Java and other compiled language snobbery. I'm not looking for reenforcement of my opinion or hand-wavy answers. Rather, I genuinely

BCL (Base Class Library) vs FCL (Framework Class Library)

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问题 What's the difference between the two? Can we use them interchangeably? 回答1: The Base Class Library (BCL) is literally that, the base. It contains basic, fundamental types like System.String and System.DateTime . The Framework Class Library (FCL) is the wider library that contains the totality: ASP.NET, WinForms, the XML stack, ADO.NET and more. You could say that the FCL includes the BCL. 回答2: BCL: A .NET Framework library, BCL is the standard for the C# runtime library and one of the Common