terminology

I'm referring to distinctions such as in this answer : ...bash isn't for writing applications it's for, well, scripting. So sure, your application might have some housekeeping scripts but don't go writing critical-business-logic.sh because another language is probably better for stuff like that. As programmer who's worked in many languages, this seems to be C, Java and other compiled language snobbery. I'm not looking for reenforcement of my opinion or hand-wavy answers. Rather, I genuinely want to know what technical differences are being referred to. (And I use C in my day job, so I'm not

Possible Duplicate: Advantages of using forward Could someone please explain to me what perfect forwarding is about? http://www.justsoftwaresolutions.co.uk/cplusplus/rvalue_references_and_perfect_forwarding.html Why is this useful? Well, it means that a function template can pass its arguments through to another function whilst retaining the lvalue/rvalue nature of the function arguments by using std::forward. This is called "perfect forwarding", avoids excessive copying, and avoids the template author having to write multiple overloads for lvalue and rvalue references. Quoting Session

What's the difference between the two? Can we use them interchangeably? Andrew Webb The Base Class Library (BCL) is literally that, the base. It contains basic, fundamental types like System.String and System.DateTime . The Framework Class Library (FCL) is the wider library that contains the totality: ASP.NET, WinForms, the XML stack, ADO.NET and more. You could say that the FCL includes the BCL. Chris S BCL : A .NET Framework library, BCL is the standard for the C# runtime library and one of the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) standard libraries. BCL provides types representing the built

Is there any difference between a web API and a web service ? Or are they one and the same ? TMK A web service typically offers a WSDL from which you can create client stubs automatically. Web Services are based on the SOAP protocol . ASP.NET Web API is a newer Microsoft framework which helps you to build REST based interfaces . The response can be either JSON or XML, but there is no way to generate clients automatically because Web API does not offer a service description like the WSDL from Web Services. So it depends on your requirements which one of the techniques you want to use. Perhaps

Just because functions are first class objects, there are closures, and higher order functions, does Javascript deserve to be called a Functional Programming language? The main thing I think it lacks is Pure Functions, and it doesn't 'feel' like other functional languages, like lisp (although thats not really a good reason for it not to be a functional langauge...) missingfaktor Repeating my own answer to a similar question, There's no accepted definition of functional programming language. If you define functional language as the language that supports first class functions and lambdas, then

Can someone explain what the difference is between classification and clustering in data mining? If you can, please give examples of both to understand the main idea. In general, in classification you have a set of predefined classes and want to know which class a new object belongs to. Clustering tries to group a set of objects and find whether there is some relationship between the objects. In the context of machine learning, classification is supervised learning and clustering is unsupervised learning . Also have a look at Classification and Clustering at Wikipedia. Please read the

I'm starting with SDL2 and having some trouble trying to understand what an SDL_Renderer is. What is it? What does it do? What's the difference between SDL_Renderer, SDL_Window, SDL_Surface and SDL_Texture and how they are related? I had issues with this when trying to understand this introductory code: #include <iostream> #include <SDL2/SDL.h> int main() { /* Starting SDL */ if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING) != 0) { std::cout << "SDL_Init Error: " << SDL_GetError() << std::endl; return 1; } /* Create a Window */ SDL_Window *window = SDL_CreateWindow("Hello World!", 100, 100, 640, 480, SDL

Well, not exactly to a 5-year-old, but please avoid buzzword and enterprisespeak if possible. Claims-based authentication seems to be all the rage now, but I could not find a simple and down-to-earth explanation of what it actually is, how is it different from what we have now (I assume "what we have now" to be role-based authentication), what are the benefits of using it, etc. @Marnix has a pretty good answer, but to step away from the technical aspect of it: Claims Based Authentication is about defining who you trust to give you accurate information about identity, and only ever using that

What is a stream in the programming world? Why do we need it? Kindly explain with the help of an analogy, if possible. A stream represents a sequence of objects (usually bytes, but not necessarily so), which can be accessed in sequential order. Typical operations on a stream: read one byte. Next time you read, you'll get the next byte, and so on. read several bytes from the stream into an array seek (move your current position in the stream, so that next time you read you get bytes from the new position) write one byte write several bytes from an array into the stream skip bytes from the