terminology | 易学教程

Difference between asymmetric and symmetric encryption methods?

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问题 OK I'm confused as how these two encryption methods work. I know that symmetric is conventional, and uses a shared private key between two users. Basically, I want to know The principles of how they work Their purpose Their relative performance of asymmetric and symmetric encryption methods. 回答1: I suggest starting with Applied Cryptography. It's an excellent introduction to the principles involved in cryptography. If you're seriously interested in cryptography, I strongly recommend the

What is meant by diameter of a network?

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问题 The diagram shown on this link of the " A graph with 6 vertices and 7 edges where the vertex no 6 on the far-left is a leaf vertex or a pendant vertex. " has DIAMETER 4? right or wrong? Definitions are The diameter of a graph is the maximum eccentricity of any vertex in the graph. That is, it is the greatest distance between any pair of vertices. To find the diameter of a graph, first find the shortest path between each pair of vertices. The greatest length of any of these paths is the

“Work stealing” vs. “Work shrugging”?

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Why is it that I can find lots of information on "work stealing" and nothing on "work shrugging" as a dynamic load-balancing strategy? By "work-shrugging" I mean pushing surplus work away from busy processors onto less loaded neighbours, rather than have idle processors pulling work from busy neighbours ("work-stealing"). I think the general scalability should be the same for both strategies. However I believe that it is much more efficient, in terms of latency & power consumption, to wake an idle processor when there is definitely work for it to do, rather than having all idle processors

Any difference between Lazy evaluation and Short-circuit evaluation?

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From Wikipedia: Lazy evaluation is: In programming language theory, lazy evaluation or call-by-need is an evaluation strategy which delays the evaluation of an expression until its value is needed Short-circuit evaluation is: Short-circuit evaluation, minimal evaluation, or McCarthy evaluation denotes the semantics of some Boolean operators in some programming languages in which the second argument is only executed or evaluated if the first argument does not suffice to determine the value of the expression So what's the difference between them for example when I have: if(false && true && true)

Class, Object, Entity: What's the difference?

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I also see other terms as well: Entity Object, Value Object, etc. Are there other terms out there that I should know, and what do these terms refer to? Can the differences between them, if any, be identified by reading code? A class is a template for creating objects. Not all OO languages use classes (see Self, Javascript). Typically classes are implemented as objects. An object is a bundle of data that is packaged with functions that act on that data (called methods). Calling a class's constructor allocates memory for the object and initializes its member variables. An entity is an object

What is the difference between an API , framework and middleware?

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问题 Just Randomly got this question in my head! Whats the difference between API , Framework and middleware? Essentially all of them provide abstract low level services to apps. In that case why is dot net called framework and windows API called well.. API? 回答1: An API is an Application Programmer Interface. Its just a term that refers to the methods a programmer will use to interface with the software. For example, a DAO might have a save() method. Save is part of the DAO API. At a high level,

What's the difference between an object and a struct in OOP?

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问题 What distinguishes and object from a struct? When and why do we use an object as opposed to a struct? How does an array differ from both, and when and why would we use an array as opposed to an object or a struct? I would like to get an idea of what each is intended for. 回答1: Obviously you can blur the distinctions according to your programming style, but generally a struct is a structured piece of data. An object is a sovereign entity that can perform some sort of task. In most systems,

Meaning of “Runtime Environment” and of “Software framework”?

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问题 I have heard of several things, quoted from Wikipedia: "Java Runtime Environment", A JVM is distributed along with a set of standard class libraries that implement the Java application programming interface (API). Appropriate APIs bundled together form the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). "Adobe Integrated Runtime" Adobe Integrated Runtime, also known as Adobe AIR, is a cross-platform runtime environment developed by Adobe Systems for building Rich Internet Applications (RIA) using Adobe Flash

What is the difference between a thread/process/task?

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问题 What is the difference between a thread/process/task? 回答1: Process: A process is an instance of a computer program that is being executed. It contains the program code and its current activity. Depending on the operating system (OS), a process may be made up of multiple threads of execution that execute instructions concurrently. Process-based multitasking enables you to run the Java compiler at the same time that you are using a text editor. In employing multiple processes with a single CPU

What is a class invariant in java?

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问题 I googled the topic, but besides Wikipedia I didn't find any further useful documentation or articles. Can anybody explain to me in simple words what it means or refer me to some nice and easy to understand documentation? 回答1: It doesn't mean anything in particular in reference to java. A class invariant is simply a property that holds for all instances of a class, always, no matter what other code does. For example, class X { final Y y = new Y(); } X has the class invariant that there is a y