semantics

Is OO design's strength in semantics or encapsulation?

♀尐吖头ヾ 提交于 2019-12-03 02:46:36
问题 Object-oriented design (OOD) combines data and its methods. This, as far as I can see, achieves two great things: it provides encapsulation (so I don't care what data there is, only how I get values I want) and semantics (it relates the data together with names, and its methods consistently use the data as originally intended). So where does OOD's strength lie? In constrast, functional programming attributes the richness to the verbs rather than the nouns, and so both encapsulation and

Representing Natural Language as RDF

落花浮王杯 提交于 2019-12-03 02:32:47
How much of the concepts conveyed in natural language is RDF/OWL able to represent? I'm still learning RDF and other semantic technologies, but as I currently understand it, information is typically represented as triples of the form (subject,predicate,object). So I can imagine how the sentence "Bob has a hat" might be represented. However, how would you represent a more complicated sentence like "Bob, over on 42nd street, will have a job at the Mall after the owner approves"? Are there conventions for tags representing nouns/verbs/ownership/causality/tense/etc? Note, I'm not asking how to

What are “sugar”, “desugar” terms in context of Java 8?

橙三吉。 提交于 2019-12-03 01:45:35
问题 I hear about 'sugaring' and 'desugaring' more often in Java 8, what does these terms mean ? are they conceptual or syntactical. Some Example: Default iterated loop resugaring to java Observations about syntactic sugar in compilation. 回答1: sugar , in programming, usually refers to those sweet additions, mostly shortcuts, that make some constructs easier to type and to read (the latter being, in practice, the most important during the life cycle of your program). Wikipedia has a definition of

Are semantics and syntax the same?

六月ゝ 毕业季﹏ 提交于 2019-12-03 01:10:23
问题 What is the difference in meaning between 'semantics' and 'syntax'? What are they? Also, what's the difference between things like "semantic website vs. normal website", "semantic social networking vs. normal social networking" etc. 回答1: Syntax is the grammar. It describes the way to construct a correct sentence. For example, this water is triangular is syntactically correct. Semantics relates to the meaning. this water is triangular does not mean anything, though the grammar is ok. Talking

Algorithm to understand meaning [closed]

南笙酒味 提交于 2019-12-03 00:20:10
I want to know if is there any specific algorithm that can be followed to understand the meaning of a word/sentence/paragraph. Basically, I want to write a program that will take text/paragraph as input and try to find out what its meaning is. And thereby highlight the emotions within the text. Also, if there is an algorithm to understand things, can the same algorithm be applied to itself? It reduces the quest further to a point where we become interested in knowing meaning of meaning OR rather definition of definition. You want Natural Language Processing and Semantic Technology . This is

In implicit reference design, are storable values and expressed values the same, and are the references not storable values?

放肆的年华 提交于 2019-12-02 22:39:34
问题 I am self learning some parts of Essentials of Programming Languages . First let me quote some definitions from Essentials of Programming Languages: the expressed values are the possible values of expressions, and the denoted values are the values bound to variables. and We model memory as a finite map from locations to a set of values called the storable values . For historical reasons, we call this the store. The storable values in a language are typically, but not always, the same as the

Why does (x += x += 1) evaluate differently in C and Javascript?

ぐ巨炮叔叔 提交于 2019-12-02 22:01:05
If the value of the variable x is initially 0, the expression x += x += 1 will evaluate to 2 in C, and to 1 in Javascript. The semantics for C seems obvious to me: x += x += 1 is interpreted as x += (x += 1) which is, in turn, equivalent to x += 1 x += x // where x is 1 at this point What is the logic behind Javascript's interpretation? What specification enforces such behaviour? (It should be noted, by the way, that Java agrees with Javascript here). Update: It turns out the expression x += x += 1 has undefined behaviour according to the C standard (thanks ouah , John Bode , DarkDust , Drew

html5: using header or footer tag twice?

岁酱吖の 提交于 2019-12-02 21:34:22
quick question: is it actually allowed to use the header tag twice? e.g. i have two important head-sections in my header.php where both could have header tag? Yes, but with a catch. The W3 documents state that the tags represent the header and footer areas of their nearest ancestor section. I would recommend having as many as your want, but only 1 of each for each "section" of your page, i.e. body, section etc. From W3 A header element is intended to usually contain the section's heading (an h1–h6 element or an hgroup element), but this is not required. The header element can also be used to

SWRL tab in Protege 4

好久不见. 提交于 2019-12-02 21:27:40
The protege SWRL tab is not available in Protege 4 versions, I have tried both protege 4.1 and protege 4.2. The axiome plugin mentioned to edit the SWRL rules in protege has been said to work only in protege 3 versions. Can anyone tell me plugins or procedure to include the plugin to edit SWRL rules in protege? SWRL rules can be edited in Protégé 4, but not with a nice interface like in Protégé 3. If you go to menu Window -> Views -> Ontology views, there is an option Rules. Select it and add it as a "view", i.e., a rectangle in the current tab. Rules are written like this: parent(?x,?y),

Difference between “call stack” and “thread stack”

孤者浪人 提交于 2019-12-02 20:58:57
Is there a semantic difference between the terms call stack and thread stack , in Java multithreading? Each thread has its own call stack, "call stack" and "thread stack" are the same thing. Calling it a "thread stack" just emphasizes that the call stack is specific to the thread. Bill Venners calls this the Java stack : When a new thread is launched, the Java virtual machine creates a new Java stack for the thread. As mentioned earlier, a Java stack stores a thread's state in discrete frames. The Java virtual machine only performs two operations directly on Java Stacks: it pushes and pops