private

How do I create a private constructor which should be called only by the static function of the class and not from else where? mac How do I create a private constructor? In essence, it's impossible both because python does not use constructors the way you may think it does if you come from other OOP languages and because python does not enforce privacy, it just has a specific syntax to suggest that a given method/property should be considered as private. Let me elaborate... First: the closest to a constructor that you can find in python is the __new__ method but this is very very seldom used

Well there is enough information about this subject. For example this thread was very clear to me: Difference between private, public, and protected inheritance Except one point; Why is it useful? Use public inheritance to reflect an is-a relationship . This is the main use for inheritance, especially in combination with virtual functions. It allows re-use of interface, not just of old code by new code, but also re-use of new code by old code! (because of virtual function dispatch at runtime). In exceptional circumstances, use private inheritance to reflect an is-implemented-in-terms-of

This question already has an answer here: Unit testing private methods in C# 11 answers I am currently involved in developing with C# - Here is some background: We implement MVP with our client application and we have a cyclomatic rule which states that no method should have a cyclomatic complexity greater than 5. This leads to a lot of small private methods which are generally responsible for one thing. My question is about unit testing a class: Testing the private implementation through the public methods is all fine... I don't have a problem implementing this. But... what about the

I've read several articles about this, and I just want to see if I understand this correctly: Apple will reject your app if you use a Private API... What is the main difference between a "Private API" and a "Non-private API?" Are the "Non-private" APIs only the APIs provided and verified by Apple? Isn't an API just a way of interacting with a Framework, and a Framework is just a set of encapsulated classes/headers that people can use for trivial purposes? Wouldn't this mean that I cannot reuse anyone's code (other than Apple's) at all in my app? If this is true, whenever a programmer makes his

This question already has an answer here: Why doesn't PHP permit private const? 2 answers PHP does not allow class Foo { private const my_private_const; but of course allows const my_const; So in effect constants are global because I can access my_const anywhere using Foo::my_const Is there a way to make private constants? The answer is a simple "no". PHP doesn't support this concept. The best you can do is a private static variable in the class, which isn't as good of course because it's not readonly. But you just have to work around it. Edit Your question got me thinking - here's something I

It took me a while to understand how private methods work in Ruby, and it really strikes me as being very awkward. Does anyone know if there are good reasons for private methods to be handled the way they are? Is it just historic reasons? Or implementation reasons? Or are there good solid logical reasons (ie. semantic)? For example: class Person private attr_reader :weight end class Spy < Person private attr_accessor :code public def test code #(1) OK: you can call a private method in self Spy.new.code #(2) ERROR: cannot call a private method on any other object self.code #(3) ERROR!!! cannot