Communication between two computers without opening ports, using a third computer to set up the connection
Let's say I have a server, and two clients connected to it. (via TCP, but it doesn't matter) My goal is to allow a direct connection between those two clients. This is to allow direct voice contact between two players, for example, or any other client plugin they may have installed which don't need server interaction (like playing some kind of random game between the two). The server can be there to help setting up the connection. From duskwuff's answer, I got several leads: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STUN which describes an algorithm to do that, and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDP_hole