linkage

identify groups of linked episodes which chain together

由 白昼怎懂夜的黑 提交于 2019-11-26 04:01:40
问题 Take this simple data frame of linked ids: test <- data.frame(id1=c(10,10,1,1,24,8),id2=c(1,36,24,45,300,11)) > test id1 id2 1 10 1 2 10 36 3 1 24 4 1 45 5 24 300 6 8 11 I now want to group together all the ids which link. By \'link\', I mean follow through the chain of links so that all ids in one group are labelled together. A kind of branching structure. i.e: Group 1 10 --> 1, 1 --> (24,45) 24 --> 300 300 --> NULL 45 --> NULL 10 --> 36, 36 --> NULL, Final group members: 10,1,24,36,45,300

Why do we need extern “C”{ #include <foo.h> } in C++?

由 此生再无相见时 提交于 2019-11-26 02:57:19
Why do we need to use: extern "C" { #include <foo.h> } Specifically: When should we use it? What is happening at the compiler/linker level that requires us to use it? How in terms of compilation/linking does this solve the problems which require us to use it? C and C++ are superficially similar, but each compiles into a very different set of code. When you include a header file with a C++ compiler, the compiler is expecting C++ code. If, however, it is a C header, then the compiler expects the data contained in the header file to be compiled to a certain format—the C++ 'ABI', or 'Application

Why do we need extern “C”{ #include <foo.h> } in C++?

由 南楼画角 提交于 2019-11-26 01:12:33
问题 Why do we need to use: extern \"C\" { #include <foo.h> } Specifically: When should we use it? What is happening at the compiler/linker level that requires us to use it? How in terms of compilation/linking does this solve the problems which require us to use it? 回答1: C and C++ are superficially similar, but each compiles into a very different set of code. When you include a header file with a C++ compiler, the compiler is expecting C++ code. If, however, it is a C header, then the compiler

What is the effect of extern “C” in C++?

由 纵然是瞬间 提交于 2019-11-25 21:36:57
问题 What exactly does putting extern \"C\" into C++ code do? For example: extern \"C\" { void foo(); } 回答1: extern "C" makes a function-name in C++ have 'C' linkage (compiler does not mangle the name) so that client C code can link to (i.e use) your function using a 'C' compatible header file that contains just the declaration of your function. Your function definition is contained in a binary format (that was compiled by your C++ compiler) that the client 'C' linker will then link to using the
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