cpu-architecture

The task is for architecture ColdFire processor MCF5271: I don't understand how many and what size cycles will be needed to perform a longword transfer to the CPU, or word transfers. I'm reading the chart and I don't see what the connection is? Any comments are very appreciated. I've attached 2 examples with the answers. DATA BUS SIZE The MCF5271 manual discusses the external interface of the processor in Chapter 17. The processor implements a byte-addressable address space with a 32-bit external data bus. The D[31:0] signals represent the data bus, the A[23:0] signals represent the address

Relation between cache size and page size How does the associativity and page size constrain the Cache size in virtually addressed cache architecture? Particularly I am looking for an example on the following statement: If C≤(page_size x associativity), the cache index bits come only from page offset (same in Virtual address and Physical address). Peter Cordes Intel CPUs have used 8-way associative 32kiB L1D with 64B lines for many years, for exactly this reason. Pages are 4k, so the page offset is 12 bits, exactly the same number of bits that make up the index and offset within a cache line.

Figure from The Elements of Computer System (Nand2Tetris) Have a look at the scenario where j1 = 1 (out < 0 ) j2 = 0 (out = 0 ) j3 = 1 (out > 0 ) How this scenario is possible as out < 0 is true as well as out > 0 but out = 0 is false. How out can have both positive and negative values at the same time? In other words when JNE instruction is going to execute although it theoretically seems possible to me but practically its not? If out < 0, the jump is executed if j1 = 1. If out = 0, the jump is executed if j2 = 1. If out > 0, the jump is executed if j3 = 1. Hopefully now you can understand

I am new to MASM. I have confusion regarding these pointer registers. I would really appreciate if you guys help me. Thanks Encoding an addressing mode using [ebp + disp8] is one byte shorter than [esp+disp8] , because using ESP as a base register requires a SIB byte. See rbp not allowed as SIB base? for details. (That question title is asking about the fact that [ebp] has to be encoded as [ebp+0] .) The first time [esp + disp8] is used after a push or pop, or after a call , will require a stack-sync uop on Intel CPUs. ( What is the stack engine in the Sandybridge microarchitecture? ). Of

Given a cache size with constant capacity and associativity, for a given code to determine average of array elements, would a cache with higher block size be preferred? [from comments] Examine the code given below to compute the average of an array: total = 0; for(j=0; j < k; j++) { sub_total = 0; /* Nested loops to avoid overflow */ for(i=0; i < N; i++) { sub_total += A[jN + i]; } total += sub_total/N; } average = total/k; Related: in the more general case of typical access patterns with some but limited spatial locality, larger lines help up to a point. These "Memory Hierarchy: Set