Standards for smartcard communication
问题 What is the difference between ISO 14443-3 and ISO 7816-4 APDUs? I'm asking this because seems some cards use former to communicate with reader, some latter. I'm confused with this, would like to get a good understanding about this. For example, I think Mifare Classic uses ISO 14443-3. But what confused me here is that when I wrote application to communicate with Mifare classic, I was sending APDUs to it. 回答1: The ISO 14443 standard defines the physical RF transport protocol for communication