Delphi VCL styles tutorial - how to change the style at runtime

问题

Is there a good VCL Styles tutorial where we see how to dynamically (in run time) load/change the style ?

This should work with Delphi XE2 and up, since XE2 is the first version with VCL Styles.

回答1:

I'm adding an answer because local information is often preferred to just links.

Here's the key facts you need to know before you start:

Many VCL controls have color properties, but those properties are going to get ignored when styles are on, and the default "common controls" like Button are going to get drawn by Delphi itself, instead of using the XP or Windows 2000 style that "comes with windows".
Somehow, deep within your application, VCL styles puts hooks in that take over painting your controls. Everything that it can handle, will be drawn using a "skin" on top of the regular controls. Many people call this "skinning the vcl", and prior to VCL styles, you might have found a third party skin system. Now it's built in.
Anything that is not hooked, will still get the regular style. So most third party controls, and some bits of the VCL will not be themed. Don't expect perfect instant results. Also, you might sometimes see some momentary flicker or glitches as a result of skinning, that's to be expected. Add loading of styles at runtime, and the end-quality of your result is anybody's guess. You can't necessarily guarantee that the style which is loaded at runtime, will contain everything you might want it to contain. Nor can you guarantee that with one you statically include in your app, but at least the ones you statically include could be verified by your QA team (which might be you).

And here's the simplest steps to get started: Really only step #2 through #4 are essential.

Click File -> New -> VCL Forms project.
Right click on the project options in the Project manager pane, and click properties. Navigate to Application -> Appearance
Click on a custom style to turn it on. (Amakrits is the first in my list, so I'll click that).
Click on the Default Style combobox and change it to something other than default.
Put something on your form so it's not empty. (A button, a listbox, etc).
Run your app.

Now, advanced stuff: Change your style at runtime:

I use this button click and formcreate to do that:

Add fdefaultStyleName:String; to private section of your form.

Make sure Vcl.Themes is in your uses clause.

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
 if Assigned(TStyleManager.ActiveStyle) and (TStyleManager.ActiveStyle.Name<>'Windows') then begin
   TStyleManager.TrySetStyle('Windows');
 end else begin
   TStyleManager.TrySetStyle(fdefaultStyleName); // whatever was in the project settings.
 end;

end;

procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
if Assigned(TStyleManager.ActiveStyle) then
  fdefaultStyleName := TStyleManager.ActiveStyle.Name;

end;

回答2:

See RRUZ homepage for lots of stuff about VCL Styles.

Here is a primary demo where you can load a couple of styles dynamically : exploring-delphi-xe2-vcl-styles-part-i

回答3:

The best source of information on VCL styles is Rodrigo Ruz's blog: http://theroadtodelphi.wordpress.com/category/vcl-styles/

回答4:

A example (public procedure). Remember uses Vcl.Themes;

procedure TData.AllowSKIN( bSKIN:boolean );
var
    sSKIN:string;
begin
    sSKIN := 'Aqua Light Slate';
    if not bSKIN then sSKIN := 'Windows';
    TStyleManager.TrySetStyle( sSKIN );
end;

回答5:

I have a (template) form that I call in my application to let user set skins. Simply ShowSkinForm to show the form. Also you can call LoadLastSkin during application initialization to have the last skin automatically applied.

UNIT FormSkinsDisk;

    {-----------------
   2017.02.23
   Universal skin loader. Loads skins from disk (vsf file)

   To use it:
      Application.ShowMainForm:= FALSE;   
      MainForm.Visible:= FALSE; // Necessary so the form won't flicker during skin loading at startup
      LoadLastSkin  (during application initialization)
      MainForm.Show;
      Skins should be present in the 'System\skins' folder

  Skins folder:
         c:\Users\Public\Documents\Embarcadero\Studio\15.0\Styles\

  KNOWN BUG:
     TStyleManager.IsValidStyle always fails if Vcl.Styles is not in the USES list!!  http://stackoverflow.com/questions/30328644/how-to-check-if-a-style-file-is-already-loaded
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------}

INTERFACE                                                                                                     {$WARN GARBAGE OFF}   {Silence the: 'W1011 Text after final END' warning }

USES
  System.SysUtils, Vcl.Controls, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.StdCtrls, System.Classes, System.Types;

TYPE
  TfrmSkinsDisk = class(TForm)
    lBox: TListBox;
    procedure FormCreate  (Sender: TObject);
    procedure FormDestroy (Sender: TObject);
    procedure lBoxClick   (Sender: TObject);
    procedure FormClose   (Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction);
    procedure lblTopClick (Sender: TObject);
  private
    procedure FillLstBox;
  public
 end;


procedure LoadLastSkin(CONST DefaultSkin: string= '');    { On first run, set the DefaultSkin to an existing file (no path) like: 'Graphite Green.vsf'. Leave it empty if you want the default Windows theme to load }
procedure ShowSkinForm;



IMPLEMENTATION {$R *.dfm}

USES
   IOUtils, Vcl.Styles, cIO, vcl.Themes, cINIFile, cINIFileEx, CubicTPU;   {VCL.Styles is mandatory here}

VAR
  SkinFile: string;                                              { Disk short file name (not full path) for the current loaded skin }

CONST
    DefWinTheme= 'Windows default theme';





{-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   UTILS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------}

function GetSkinDir: string;
begin
 Result:= GetAppSysDir+ 'skins\';
end;


function LoadSkinFromFile(CONST DiskShortName: string): Boolean;
VAR  Style : TStyleInfo;
begin
 Result:= FileExists(GetSkinDir+ DiskShortName);

 if Result then
  if TStyleManager.IsValidStyle(GetSkinDir+ DiskShortName, Style)
  then
    if NOT TStyleManager.TrySetStyle(Style.Name, FALSE)
    then
      begin
       TStyleManager.LoadFromFile(GetSkinDir+ DiskShortName);
       TStyleManager.SetStyle(Style.Name);
      end
    else Result:= FALSE
  else
     MesajError('Style is not valid: '+ GetSkinDir+ DiskShortName);
end;


procedure LoadLastSkin(CONST DefaultSkin: string= '');
begin
 SkinFile:= cINIFile.ReadString('LastDiskSkin', DefaultSkin);                                                  { This is a relative path so the skin can still be loaded when the application is moved to a different folder }

 if SkinFile = ''
 then SkinFile:= DefaultSkin;

 if (SkinFile > '')
 AND (SkinFile <> DefWinTheme)              { DefWinTheme represents the default Windows theme/skin. In other words don't load any skin file. Let Win skin the app }
 then LoadSkinFromFile(SkinFile);
end;


procedure ShowSkinForm;
VAR
   frmSkins: TfrmSkinsDisk;
begin
 frmSkins:= TfrmSkinsDisk.Create(NIL);
 frmSkins.ShowModal;
 FreeAndNil(frmSkins);
end;




{----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   CREATE
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------}

procedure TfrmSkinsDisk.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
 LoadForm(Self);
 FillLstBox;     { Populate skins }
end;


procedure TfrmSkinsDisk.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
begin
 SaveForm(Self);
 cINIFile.WriteString ('LastDiskSkin', SkinFile);
end;

procedure TfrmSkinsDisk.FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction);
begin
 Action:= caFree;
end;







{-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Populate skins
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------}

procedure TfrmSkinsDisk.lblTopClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
 FillLstBox;
end;


procedure TfrmSkinsDisk.FillLstBox;     { Populate skins }
VAR
   s, FullFileName: string;
begin
 lBox.Items.Clear;
 lBox.Items.Add(DefWinTheme);    { This corresponds to Windows' default theme }
 lblTop.Hint:= GetSkinDir;

 if NOT DirectoryExists(GetSkinDir) then
  begin
   lblTop.Caption:= 'The skin directory could not be located! '+ GetSkinDir+ CRLF+ 'Add skins then click here to refresh the list.';
   lblTop.Color:= clRedBright;
   lblTop.Transparent:= FALSE;
   EXIT;
  end;

 { Display all *.vsf files }
 for FullFileName in TDirectory.GetFiles(GetSkinDir, '*.vsf') DO
  begin
   s:= ExtractFileName(FullFileName);
   lBox.Items.Add(s);
  end;
end;



procedure TfrmSkinsDisk.lBoxClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
 if lBox.ItemIndex < 0 then EXIT;

 SkinFile:= lBox.Items[lBox.ItemIndex];
 if SkinFile= DefWinTheme then
  begin
   TStyleManager.SetStyle('Windows');
   SkinFile:= DefWinTheme;
  end
 else
  if LoadSkinFromFile(SkinFile) then
   begin
    { Bug fix }                                                                                  { fix for this bug: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/30328924/form-losses-modal-attribute-after-changing-app-style }
    Application.ProcessMessages;
    BringToFront;
   end;
end;


end.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9906312/delphi-vcl-styles-tutorial-how-to-change-the-style-at-runtime

标签

Delphi

delphi-xe2

vcl-styles