Performing grep operation in tar files without extracting

问题:

I have list of files which contain particular patterns, but those files have been tarred. Now I want to search for the pattern in the tar file, and to know which files contain the pattern without extracting the files.

Any idea...?

回答1:

the tar command has a -O switch to extract your files to standard output. So you can pipe those output to grep/awk

tar xvf  test.tar -O | awk '/pattern/{print}'  tar xvf  test.tar -O | grep "pattern" 

eg to return file name one pattern found

tar tf myarchive.tar | while read -r FILE do     if tar xf test.tar $FILE  -O | grep "pattern" ;then         echo "found pattern in : $FILE"     fi done 

回答2:

The command zgrep should do exactly what you want, directly.

for example

zgrep "mypattern" *.gz 

http://linux.about.com/library/cmd/blcmdl1_zgrep.htm

回答3:

GNU tar has --to-command. With it you can have tar pipe each file from the archive into the given command. For the case where you just want the lines that match, that command can be a simple grep. To know the filenames you need to take advantage of tar setting certain variables in the command's environment; for example,

tar xaf thing.tar.xz --to-command="awk -e '/thing.to.match/ {print ENVIRON[\"TAR_FILENAME\"] \":\", \$0}'" 

Because I find myself using this often, I have this:

#!/bin/sh set -eu  if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then     echo "Usage: $(basename "$0") "     exit 1 fi  if [ -t 1 ]; then     h="$(tput setf 4)"     m="$(tput setf 5)"     f="$(tput sgr0)" else     h=""     m=""     f="" fi  tar xaf "$2" --to-command="awk -e '/$1/{gsub(\"$1\", \"$m&$f\"); print \"$h\" ENVIRON[\"TAR_FILENAME\"] \"$f:\", \$0}'" 

回答4:

Python's tarfile module along with Tarfile.extractfile() will allow you to inspect the tarball's contents without extracting it to disk.

回答5:

The easiest way is probably to use avfs. I've used this before for such tasks.

Basically, the syntax is:

avfsd ~/.avfs # Sets up a avfs virtual filesystem rgrep pattern ~/.avfs/path/to/file.tar#/ 

/path/to/file.tar is the path to the actual tar file.

Pre-pending ~/.avfs/ (the mount point) and appending # lets avfs expose the tar file as a directory.

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