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1. OpenMPI安装 (自动编译配置)
第一种方法：采用第三方源进行sudo apt-get install安装。
$ sudo apt-get install openmpi-bin 查询版本信息。
$ mpirun --version mpirun (Open MPI) 1.10.2 $ mpiexec --version mpiexec (OpenRTE) 1.10.2 2. OpenMPI安装 (手动编译配置)
第二种方法：采用官方软件包安装。首先，下载官方openmpiv4.0.1安装包。
$ cd /home/joe/App/Openmpi $ wget https://download.open-mpi.org/release/open-mpi/v4.0/openmpi-4.0.1.tar.gz $ ls openmpi-4.0.1.tar.gz 解压。
$ tar -xzvf openmpi-4.0.1.tar.gz 编译和安装。
$ cd /home/joe/App/Openmpi/openmpi-4.0.1 $ ./configure --prefix=$HOME/App/Openmpi $ make all $ make install 删除压缩包及其解压缩文件夹。
$ cd /home/joe/App/Openmpi $ rm $HOME/App/Openmpi/openmpi-4.0.1.tar.gz $ rm -r $HOME/App/Openmpi/openmpi-4.0.1 系统环境变量配置。
$ echo "export PATH=\$PATH:\$HOME/App/Openmpi/bin" >> $HOME/.bashrc $ echo "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:\$HOME/App/Openmpi/lib" >> $HOME/.bashrc 查询版本。
$ /home/joe/App/Openmpi/bin $ ./mpiexec --version mpiexec (OpenRTE) 4.0.1 $ ./mpirun --version mpirun (Open MPI) 4.0.1 3. 测试
下面实现一个MPI多进程并行编程的"Hello World"。
新建hello.c文件，写入MPI代码。
#include <mpi.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(int argc, char** argv) { // Initialize the MPI environment MPI_Init(NULL, NULL); // Get the number of processes int world_size; MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &world_size); // Get the rank of the process int world_rank; MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &world_rank); // Get the name of the processor char processor_name[MPI_MAX_PROCESSOR_NAME]; int name_len; MPI_Get_processor_name(processor_name, &name_len); // Print off a hello world message printf("Hello world from processor %s, rank %d out of %d processors\n", processor_name, world_rank, world_size); // Finalize the MPI environment. MPI_Finalize(); } 编译hello.c生成hello可执行文件。
$ mpicc hello.c -o hello 通过mpirun初始化多进程参数去执行hello文件。可以看到：多进程并行编程状态下，进程之间同时开始，乱序结束。
$ mpirun -np 1 ./hello Hello world from processor ubuntu00, rank 0 out of 1 processors $ mpirun -np 2 ./hello Hello world from processor ubuntu00, rank 1 out of 2 processors Hello world from processor ubuntu00, rank 0 out of 2 processors $ mpirun -np 3 ./hello Hello world from processor ubuntu00, rank 2 out of 3 processors Hello world from processor ubuntu00, rank 0 out of 3 processors Hello world from processor ubuntu00, rank 1 out of 3 processors $ mpirun -np 4 ./hello Hello world from processor ubuntu00, rank 1 out of 4 processors Hello world from processor ubuntu00, rank 2 out of 4 processors Hello world from processor ubuntu00, rank 3 out of 4 processors Hello world from processor ubuntu00, rank 0 out of 4 processors $ mpirun -np 5 ./hello Hello world from processor ubuntu00, rank 3 out of 5 processors Hello world from processor ubuntu00, rank 4 out of 5 processors Hello world from processor ubuntu00, rank 0 out of 5 processors Hello world from processor ubuntu00, rank 1 out of 5 processors Hello world from processor ubuntu00, rank 2 out of 5 processors Open MPI的"Hello World"执行完毕。
参考文献
[1. Open MPI官方文档] https://www.open-mpi.org/software/ompi/v4.0/
[2. Open MPI v4.0.1安装包] https://download.open-mpi.org/release/open-mpi/v4.0/openmpi-4.0.1.tar.gz
[3. Open MPI安装教程] http://edu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/hs12/programming_techniques/openmpi.pdf
[4. Open MPI编程之"Hello World"] https://mpitutorial.com/tutorials/mpi-hello-world/
[5. Open MPI编程官方文档] https://www.open-mpi.org/doc/
文章来源: https://blog.csdn.net/Canhui_WANG/article/details/90214990