How to find the index of the element in a list that first appears in another given list?

问题

a = [3, 4, 2, 1, 7, 6, 5]
b = [4, 6]

The answer should be 1. Because in a, 4 appears first in list b, and it's index is 1.

The question is that is there any fast code in python to achieve this?

PS: Actually a is a random permutation and b is a subset of a, but it's represented as a list.

回答1:

If b is to be seen as a subset (order doesn't matter, all values are present in a), then use min() with a map():

min(map(a.index, b))

This returns the lowest index. This is a O(NK) solution (where N is the length of a, K that of b), but all looping is executed in C code.

Another option is to convert a to a set and use next() on a loop over enumerate():

bset = set(b)
next(i for i, v in enumerate(a) if v in bset)

This is a O(N) solution, but has higher constant cost (Python bytecode to execute). It heavily depends on the sizes of a and b which one is going to be faster.

For the small input example in the question, min(map(...)) wins:

In [86]: a = [3, 4, 2, 1, 7, 6, 5]
    ...: b = [4, 6]
    ...:

In [87]: %timeit min(map(a.index, b))
    ...:
608 ns ± 64.5 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)

In [88]: bset = set(b)
    ...:

In [89]: %timeit next(i for i, v in enumerate(a) if v in bset)
    ...:
717 ns ± 30.3 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)

回答2:

In one line :

print("".join([str(index) for item in b for index,item1 in enumerate(a) if item==item1][:1]))

output:

In detail :

a = [3, 4, 2, 1, 7, 6, 5]
b = [4, 6]

new=[]
for item in b:
    for index,item1 in enumerate(a):
        if item==item1:
            new.append(index)

print("".join([str(x) for x in new[:1]]))

回答3:

For little B sample, the set approach is output dependent, execution time grow linearly with index output. Numpy can provide better solution in this case.

N=10**6
A=np.unique(np.random.randint(0,N,N))
np.random.shuffle(A)
B=A[:3].copy()
np.random.shuffle(A)

def find(A,B):
    pos=np.in1d(A,B).nonzero()[0]
    return pos[A[pos].argsort()][B.argsort().argsort()].min()


def findset(A,B):
    bset = set(B)
    return  next(i for i, v in enumerate(A) if v in bset)

#In [29]: find(A,B)==findset(A,B)
#Out[29]: True
#In [30]: %timeit findset(A,B)
# 63.5 ms ± 1.31 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
# 
# In [31]: %timeit find(A,B)
# 2.24 ms ± 52.6 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46862148/how-to-find-the-index-of-the-element-in-a-list-that-first-appears-in-another-giv

标签

python

list

numpy

indexing

set