How can a mock a http observable in Angular2 for when no api is written

问题

I'm new to both Angular2 and Rxjs and I am a little confused about a particular case.

I have a simple service:

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Observable, Subject } from 'rxjs/Rx';
import { Http, Response } from '@angular/http';

export interface Article {
  id: number;
  title: string;
  content: string;
  author: string;
}

@Injectable()
export class ArticleService {
  private _articles$: Subject<Article[]>;
  private baseUrl: string;
  private dataStore: {
    articles: Article[]
  };
  constructor(private http: Http) {
    this.baseUrl = 'http://localhost:3000'
    this.dataStore = { articles: [] };
    this._articles$ = <Subject<Article[]>>new Subject();
  }
  get articles$(){
    return this._articles$.asObservable();
  }

  loadAll(){
    //Observable.from(this.dummyData)
    this.http.get(`${this.baseUrl}/articles`)
    .map(response => response.json())
    .subscribe(data => {
      //debugger;
      this.dataStore.articles = data;
       // Push a new copy of our article list to all Subscribers.
      this._articles$.next(this.dataStore.articles)
    }, error => console.log('Could not load Articles'));
  }
}

And this works as expected , but what I would like to do is to be able to develope my service without a api endpoint and using an Observable that I can later swap out for the http.request . I tried to do this using Observable.from to convert a dummy data array to an observable but I get the errors

Type '{ id: number; title: string; content: string; author: string; }' is not assignable to type 'Article[]'

I believe this is because it is returning each item separately instead of the array , can someone point me in the correct direction of how this should work

Update: for clarity the dummyData look like:

private dummyData = [
      {
        id: 1,
        title: 'Title 1',
        content: 'content 1',
        author: 'author 1'
      },
      {
        id:2,
        title: 'Title 2',
        content: 'content 2',
        author: 'author 1'
      }
    ];

回答1:

You can use MockBackend

import {BaseRequestOptions, Http} from '@angular/http';
import {MockBackend} from '@angular/http/testing';
it('should get some data', inject([AsyncTestCompleter], (async) => {
  var connection;
  var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
    MockBackend,
    {provide: Http, useFactory: (backend, options) => {
      return new Http(backend, options);
    }, deps: [MockBackend, BaseRequestOptions]}]);
  var http = injector.get(Http);
  var backend = injector.get(MockBackend);
  //Assign any newly-created connection to local variable
  backend.connections.subscribe(c => connection = c);
  http.request('data.json').subscribe((res) => {
    expect(res.text()).toBe('awesome');
    async.done();
  });
  connection.mockRespond(new Response('awesome'));
}));

Update

Define the dummyData like:

private dummyData = {
  json: function() {
    return [
      {
        id: 1,
        title: 'Title 1',
        content: 'content 1',
        author: 'author 1'
      },
      {
        id:2,
        title: 'Title 2',
        content: 'content 2',
        author: 'author 1'
      }
    ]};
}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38058141/how-can-a-mock-a-http-observable-in-angular2-for-when-no-api-is-written