SQL: Concatenate column values in a single row into a string separated by comma

问题

Let's say I have a table like this in SQL Server:

Id    City           Province             Country
1     Vancouver      British Columbia     Canada
2     New York       null                 null
3     null           Adama                null
4     null           null                 France
5     Winnepeg       Manitoba             null
6     null           Quebec               Canada
7     Seattle        null                 USA

How can I get a query result so that the location is a concatenation of the City, Province, and Country separated by ", ", with nulls omitted. I'd like to ensure that there aren't any trailing comma, preceding commas, or empty strings. For example:

Id    Location
1     Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
2     New York
3     Adama
4     France
5     Winnepeg, Manitoba
6     Quebec, Canada
7     Seattle, USA

回答1:

I think this takes care of all of the issues I spotted in other answers. No need to test the length of the output or check if the leading character is a comma, no worry about concatenating non-string types, no significant increase in complexity when other columns (e.g. Postal Code) are inevitably added...

DECLARE @x TABLE(Id INT, City VARCHAR(32), Province VARCHAR(32), Country VARCHAR(32));

INSERT @x(Id, City, Province, Country) VALUES
(1,'Vancouver','British Columbia','Canada'),
(2,'New York' , null             , null   ),
(3, null      ,'Adama'           , null   ),
(4, null      , null             ,'France'),
(5,'Winnepeg' ,'Manitoba'        , null   ),
(6, null      ,'Quebec'          ,'Canada'),
(7,'Seattle'  , null             ,'USA'   );

SELECT Id, Location = STUFF(
      COALESCE(', ' + RTRIM(City),     '') 
    + COALESCE(', ' + RTRIM(Province), '') 
    + COALESCE(', ' + RTRIM(Country),  '')
    , 1, 2, '')
  FROM @x;

SQL Server 2012 added a new T-SQL function called CONCAT, but it is not useful here, since you still have to optionally include commas between discovered values, and there is no facility to do that - it just munges values together with no option for a separator. This avoids having to worry about non-string types, but doesn't allow you to handle nulls vs. non-nulls very elegantly.

回答2:

select Id ,   
 Coalesce( City + ',' +Province + ',' + Country,
           City+ ',' + Province,
           Province + ',' + Country,
           City+ ',' + Country,
           City,
           Province,
           Country
          ) as location
from table

回答3:

This is a hard problem, because the commas have to go in-between:

select id, coalesce(city+', ', '')+coalesce(province+', ', '')+coalesce(country, '')
from t

seems like it should work, but we can get an extraneous comma at the end, such as when country is NULL. So, it needs to be a bit more complicated:

select id,
       (case when right(val, 2) = ', ' then left(val, len(val) - 1)
             else val
        end) as val
from (select id, coalesce(city+', ', '')+coalesce(province+', ', '')+coalesce(country, '') as val
      from t
     ) t

Without a lot of intermediate logic, I think the simplest way is to add a comma to each element, and then remove any extraneous comma at the end.

回答4:

Use the '+' operator.

Understand that null values don't work with the '+' operator (so for example: 'Winnepeg' + null = null), so be sure to use the ISNULL() or COALESCE() functions to replace nulls with an empty string, e.g.: ISNULL('Winnepeg','') + ISNULL(null,'').

Also, if it is even remotely possible that one of your collumns could be interpreted as a number, then be sure to use the CAST() function as well, in order to avoid error returns, e.g.: CAST('Winnepeg' as varchar(100)).

Most of the examples so far neglect one or more pieces of this. Also -- some of the examples use subqueries or do a length check, which you really ought not to do -- just not necessary -- though your optimizer might save you anyway if you do.

Good Luck

回答5:

ugly but it will work for MS SQL:

    select
    id,
    case
        when right(rtrim(coalesce(city + ', ','') + coalesce(province + ', ','') + coalesce(country,'')),1)=',' then left(rtrim(coalesce(city + ', ','') + coalesce(province + ', ','') + coalesce(country,'')),LEN(rtrim(coalesce(city + ', ','') + coalesce(province + ', ','') + coalesce(country,'')))-1)
        else rtrim(coalesce(city + ', ','') + coalesce(province + ', ','') + coalesce(country,''))
    end
from
    table

回答6:

Here is an option:

SELECT (CASE WHEN City IS NULL THEN '' ELSE City + ', ' END) + 
(CASE WHEN Province IS NULL THEN '' ELSE Province + ', ' END) +
(CASE WHEN Country IS NULL THEN '' ELSE Country END) AS LOCATION
FROM MYTABLE

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11351076/sql-concatenate-column-values-in-a-single-row-into-a-string-separated-by-comma

标签

sql-server

tsql

string-concatenation