本文将从SQL角度，将MaxCompute SQL与Hive、MySQL、Oracle、SQL Server进行对比，从而为您介绍MaxCompute不支持的DDL和DML语法。
MaxCompute不支持的DDL语法
| 语法 | MaxCompute | Hive | MySQL | Oracle | SQL Server |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CREATE TABLE—PRIMARY KEY | N | N | Y | Y | Y |
| CREATE TABLE—NOT NULL | N | N | Y | Y | Y |
| CREATE TABLE—CLUSTER BY | Y | Y | N | Y | Y |
| CREATE TABLE—EXTERNAL TABLE | Y (OSS, OTS, TDDL) | Y | N | N | N |
| CREATE TABLE—TEMPORARY TABLE | N | Y | Y | Y | Y （with #prefix） |
| INDEX—CREATE INDEX | N | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| VIRTUAL COLUMN | N | N (only 2 predefined) | N | Y | Y |
MaxCompute不支持的DML语法
| 语法 | MaxCompute | Hive | MySQL | Oracle | SQL Server |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTE（公共表达式） | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| SELECT—recursive CTE（递归公共表达式） | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| SELECT—GROUP BY ROLL UP | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| SELECT—GROUP BY CUBE | Y | Y | N | Y | Y |
| SELECT—GROUPING SET | Y | Y | N | Y | Y |
| SELECT—IMPLICT JOIN | Y | Y | N | Y | Y |
| SELECT—PIVOT | N | N | N | Y | Y |
|
SEMI JOIN/ ANTI JOIN |
Y | Y (corelated expression must be in WHERE, EXISTS must be corelated) | Y | N (has IN and EXISTS, but no SEMI JOIN grammer) | N (has IN and EXISTS, but no SEMI JOIN grammer) |
| SELEC TRANSFROM | Y | Y | N | N | N |
| SELECT—corelated subquery | Y | Y (corelated expression must be in WHERE, EXISTS must be corelated) | Y | Y | Y |
| ORDER BY NULLS FIRST/LAST | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| LATERAL VIEW | Y | Y | N | Y (LATERAL keyword) | Y (CROSS APPLY keyword) |
| SET OPERATOR—UNION (disintct) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| SET OPERATOR—INTERSECT | Y | N | N | Y | Y |
| SET OPERATOR—MINUS/EXCEPT | Y | N | N | Y | Y（keyword EXCEPT） |
| INSERT INTO ... VALUES | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| INSERT INTO (ColumnList) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| UPDATE … WHERE | N | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| UPDATE … ORDER BY LIMIT | N | N | Y | N | Y |
| DELETE … WHERE | N | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| DELETE … ORDER BY LIMIT | N | N | Y | N | N |
| ANALYTIC—reusable WINDOWING CLUSUE | Y | Y | N | N | N (can implement with join) |
| ANALYTIC—CURRENT ROW | Y | Y | N | Y | Y |
| ANALYTIC—UNBOUNDED | Y | N | Y | Y | Y |
| ANALYTIC—RANGE … | N | Y | N | Y | Y |
| WHILE DO | N | N | Y | Y | Y |
MaxCompute不支持的SCRIPTING语法
| 语法 | MaxCompute | Hive | MySQL | Oracle | SQL Server |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TABLE VARIABLE | Y | Y (TEMPORARY TABLE) | Y (TEMPORARY TABLE) | Y (TEMPLORARY TABLE) | Y |
| SCALER VARIABLE | Y | Y | Y (DECLARE x INT) | Y | Y |
| ERROR HANDLING—RAISE ERROR | N | N | Y | Y | Y |
| ERROR HANDLING—TRY CATCH | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| FLOW CONTROL—LOOP | N | N | Y | Y | Y |
| CURSOR | N | N | Y | Y | Y |
来源：https://blog.csdn.net/u010392022/article/details/100673709