Connecting to SQL Server 2012 using sqlalchemy and pyodbc

问题

I'm trying to connect to a SQL Server 2012 database using SQLAlchemy (with pyodbc) on Python 3.3 (Windows 7-64-bit). I am able to connect using straight pyodbc but have been unsuccessful at connecting using SQLAlchemy. I have dsn file setup for the database access.

I successfully connect using straight pyodbc like this:

con = pyodbc.connect('FILEDSN=c:\\users\\me\\mydbserver.dsn')

For sqlalchemy I have tried:

import sqlalchemy as sa
engine = sa.create_engine('mssql+pyodbc://c/users/me/mydbserver.dsn/mydbname')

The create_engine method doesn't actually set up the connection and succeeds, but iIf I try something that causes sqlalchemy to actually setup the connection (like engine.table_names()), it takes a while but then returns this error:

DBAPIError: (Error) ('08001', '[08001] [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][DBNETLIB]SQL Server does not exist or access denied. (17) (SQLDriverConnect)') None None

I'm not sure where thing are going wrong are how to see what connection string is actually being passed to pyodbc by sqlalchemy. I have successfully using the same sqlalchemy classes with SQLite and MySQL.

Thanks in advance!

回答1:

The file-based DSN string is being interpreted by SQLAlchemy as server name = c, database name = users.

I prefer connecting without using DSNs, it's one less configuration task to deal with during code migrations.

This syntax works using Windows Authentication:

engine = sa.create_engine('mssql+pyodbc://server/database')

Or with SQL Authentication:

engine = sa.create_engine('mssql+pyodbc://user:password@server/database')

SQLAlchemy has a thorough explanation of the different connection string options here.

回答2:

I have an update info about the connection to MSSQL Server without using DSNs and using Windows Authentication. In my example I have next options: My local server name is "(localdb)\ProjectsV12". Local server name I see from database properties (I am using Windows 10 / Visual Studio 2015). My db name is "MainTest1"

engine = create_engine('mssql+pyodbc://(localdb)\ProjectsV12/MainTest1?driver=SQL+Server+Native+Client+11.0', echo=True)

It is needed to specify driver in connection. You may find your client version in:

control panel>Systems and Security>Administrative Tools.>ODBC Data Sources>System DSN tab>Add

Look on SQL Native client version from the list.

回答3:

In Python 3 you can use function quote_plus from module urllib.parse to create parameters for connection:

import urllib
params = urllib.parse.quote_plus("DRIVER={SQL Server Native Client 11.0};"
                                 "SERVER=dagger;"
                                 "DATABASE=test;"
                                 "UID=user;"
                                 "PWD=password")

engine = sa.create_engine("mssql+pyodbc:///?odbc_connect={}".format(params))

In order to use Windows Authentication, you want to use Trusted_Connection as parameter:

params = urllib.parse.quote_plus("DRIVER={SQL Server Native Client 11.0};"
                                 "SERVER=dagger;"
                                 "DATABASE=test;"
                                 "Trusted_Connection=yes")

In Python 2 you should use function quote_plus from library urllib instead:

params = urllib.quote_plus("DRIVER={SQL Server Native Client 11.0};"
                           "SERVER=dagger;"
                           "DATABASE=test;"
                           "UID=user;"
                           "PWD=password")

回答4:

Just want to add some latest information here: If you are connecting using DSN connections:

engine = create_engine("mssql+pyodbc://USERNAME:PASSWORD@SOME_DSN")

If you are connecting using Hostname connections:

engine = create_engine("mssql+pyodbc://USERNAME:PASSWORD@HOST_IP:PORT/DATABASENAME?driver=SQL+Server+Native+Client+11.0")

For more details, please refer to the "Official Document"

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15750711/connecting-to-sql-server-2012-using-sqlalchemy-and-pyodbc

标签

python

sql-server

sqlalchemy

pyodbc