Scala compiler expand types

问题

Consider this code:

  trait TypeOr[E, F] {
    type T
  }

  implicit def noneq2[E, F](implicit ev: E =!= F): TypeOr[E, F] = new TypeOr[E, F] {
    type T = (E, F)
  }

  sealed trait Error[+E, +A]

  case class Err[E, A](e: Error[E, A]) {
    def combine[B, F](f: A => Error[F, B])(implicit ev: TypeOr[E, F]): Error[ev.T, B] = ???
  }
  val result = Err(null.asInstanceOf[Error[Int, Int]]).combine(_ => null.asInstanceOf[Error[String, String]])

So far so good. From the definitions above, I concluded, that the expanded type of the result is following:

  val itsType: Error[(Int, String), String] = result

But apparently it is not, since the compiler replies with:

 found   : returnerror.Comb.Error[returnerror.Comb.TypeOr[Int,String]#T,String]
 required: returnerror.Comb.Error[(Int, String),String]
  val itsType: Error[(Int, String), String] = result

Is it possible to find out the simplified - expanded type of the expression? I can't get this information from compiler, I tried to print the AST before the erasure phase, but the expanded type is still not there.

回答1:

Firstly, when you write that implicit noneq2 has type TypeOr[E, F] you lost type refinement https://typelevel.org/blog/2015/07/19/forget-refinement-aux.html . Correct is

implicit def noneq2[E, F](implicit ev: E =:!= F) = new TypeOr[E, F] {
  type T = (E, F)
}

or better with explicit type

implicit def noneq2[E, F](implicit ev: E =:!= F): TypeOr[E, F] { type T = (E, F) }  = new TypeOr[E, F] {
  type T = (E, F)
}

That's the reason why usually type Aux is introduced

object TypeOr {
  type Aux[E, F, T0] = TypeOr[E, F] { type T = T0 }

  implicit def noneq2[E, F](implicit ev: E =:!= F): Aux[E, F, (E, F)] = new TypeOr[E, F] {
    type T = (E, F)
  }
}

Secondly, automatically inferred type of result i.e.Error[TypeOr[Int, String]#T, String] (type projection TypeOr[Int,String]#T is a supertype of (y.T forSome { val y: TypeOr[Int, String] }) and moreover of x.T) is too rough https://typelevel.org/blog/2015/07/23/type-projection.html

It's better to write path-dependent type for result.

But

val x = implicitly[TypeOr[Int, String]]
val result: Error[x.T, String] =
  Err(null.asInstanceOf[Error[Int, Int]]).combine(_ => null.asInstanceOf[Error[String, String]])

doesn't compile.

The thing is that implicitly can damage type refinements https://typelevel.org/blog/2014/01/18/implicitly_existential.html

That's the reason why there exists macro shapeless.the.

val x = the[TypeOr[Int, String]]
val result: Error[x.T, String] = Err(null.asInstanceOf[Error[Int, Int]]).combine(_ => null.asInstanceOf[Error[String, String]])
val itsType: Error[(Int, String), String] = result

Alternatively, custom materializer can be defined

object TypeOr {
  //...
  def apply[E, F](implicit typeOr: TypeOr[E, F]): Aux[E, F, typeOr.T] = typeOr
}

val x = TypeOr[Int, String]
val result: Error[x.T, String] =
  Err(null.asInstanceOf[Error[Int, Int]]).combine(_ => null.asInstanceOf[Error[String, String]])
val itsType: Error[(Int, String), String] = result

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55609380/scala-compiler-expand-types

标签

scala

types

implicit

type-level-computation