问题
I've been able to track down basic head/tail functionality:
head -10 myfile <==> cat myfile | select -first 10
tail -10 myfile <==> cat myfile | select -last 10
But if I want to list all lines except the last three or all lines except the first three, how do you do that? In Unix, I could do "head -n-3" or "tail -n+4". It is not obvious how this should be done for PowerShell.
回答1:
Like the -First and -Last parameters, there is also a -Skip parameter that will help. It is worth noting that -Skip is 1 based, not zero.
# this will skip the first three lines of the text file
cat myfile | select -skip 3
I am not sure PowerShell has something that gives you back everything except the last n lines pre-built. If you know the length you could just subtract n from the line count and use the -First parameter from select. You could also use a buffer that only passes lines through when it is filled.
function Skip-Last {
param (
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true,ValueFromPipeline=$true)][PsObject]$InputObject,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][int]$Count
)
begin {
$buf = New-Object 'System.Collections.Generic.Queue[string]'
}
process {
if ($buf.Count -eq $Count) { $buf.Dequeue() }
$buf.Enqueue($InputObject)
}
}
As a demo:
# this would display the entire file except the last five lines
cat myfile | Skip-Last -count 5
回答2:
Useful information is spread across other answers here, but I think it is useful to have a concise summary:
All lines except the first three
1..10 | Select-Object -skip 3
returns (one per line): 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
All lines except the last three
1..10 | Select-Object -skip 3 -last 10
returns (one per line): 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
That is, you can do it with built-in PowerShell commands, but there's that annoyance of having to specify the size going in. A simple workaround is to just use a constant larger than any possible input and you will not need to know the size a priori:
1..10 | Select-Object -skip 3 -last 10000000
returns (one per line): 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A cleaner syntax is to use, as Keith Hill suggested, the Skip-Object cmdlet from PowerShell Community Extensions (the Skip-Last function in Goyuix's answer performs equivalently but using PSCX saves you from having to maintain the code):
1..10 | Skip-Object -last 3
returns (one per line): 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
First three lines
1..10 | Select-Object –first 3
returns (one per line): 1 2 3
Last three lines
1..10 | Select-Object –last 3
returns (one per line): 8 9 10
Middle four lines
(This works because the -skip is processed before the -first, regardless of the order of parameters in the invocation.)
1..10 | Select-Object -skip 3 -first 4
returns (one per line): 4 5 6 7
回答3:
If you're using the PowerShell Community Extensions, there is a Take-Object cmdlet that will pass thru all output except the last N items e.g.:
30# 1..10 | Skip-Object -Last 4
1
2
3
4
5
6
回答4:
You can do it like this:
[array]$Service = Get-Service
$Service[0] #First Item
$Service[0..2] #First 3 Items
$Service[3..($Service.Count)] #Skip the first 3 lines
$Service[-1] #Last Item
$Service[-3..-1] #Last 3 Items
$Service[0..($Service.Count -4)] #Skip the last 3 lines
回答5:
All but the last n can be done with
... | select -skiplast $n
回答6:
All but the first n can be done with
... | Select -skip $n
However all "but the last m" has nothing inbuilt. It is doable loading the whole input into an array to get the length – of course for large input that can put unreasonable demands on memory.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10079572/powershell-equivalent-for-head-n-3