linux的磁盘挂载 | 易学教程

创建虚拟硬盘

1、关闭VM中正在运行的虚拟系统；

2、EDIT Virtual Machine Settings；(右键单击图标，点击settings)

3、在Hardware页点“Add...”－>Add a hard disk－>Create a new virtual disk－>SCSI(recommended)－>分配空间大小－>OK；（只是一直点next就行了，至于你要添加的大小在中间设置）

4、可以看见Hardware中出现了一块新的硬盘Hard Disk 2。

开始添加

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l //用来检查系统中有几块硬盘

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes //这是已经分区的磁盘

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00044451

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2 26 157 1048576 82 Linux swap / Solaris

Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda3 157 2611 19717120 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes //这是未分区的磁盘

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table//这句话表明磁盘/dev/sdb是无效的，是还未分区的

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb //开始对磁盘/dev/sdb分区，这里的/dev/sdb即是上面的

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x87a42715.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m //显示菜单

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag //切换一个可启动的标志

b edit bsd disklabel //编辑BSD的disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag //切换DOS兼容标志

d delete a partition //删除一个分区

l list known partition types //列出已知的分区类型

m print this menu //打印此菜单

n add a new partition //添加一个新的分区

o create a new empty DOS partition table //创建一个新的空DOS分区表

p print the partition table //打印分区表

q quit without saving changes //退出不保存更改的情况下

s create a new empty Sun disklabel //创建一个新的空太阳的disklabel

t change a partition's system id //改变一个分区的系统ID

u change display/entry units //改变显示/进入单位

v verify the partition table //验证分区表

w write table to disk and exit //写表到磁盘并退出，即为保存退出

x extra functionality (experts only) //额外的功能（专家）

Command (m for help): p //打印出目前该硬盘下的分区列表

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x87a42715

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

Command (m for help): n //开始创立新的分区

Command action

e extended //扩展

p primary partition (1-4) //主分区(1-4)

Partition number (1-4): 1 //分区号

First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): //第一柱面这里使用

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): //添加的磁盘的大小，使用默认值的话即为把全部空间加入进去

Using default value 2610

Command (m for help): p //查看分区

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x87a42715

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 2610 20964793+ 83 Linux

Command (m for help): w //保存退出

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks. //同步磁盘的意思

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 //对/dev/sdb1进行格式化，格式化为ext3

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

文件系统标签=

操作系统:Linux

块大小=4096 (log=2)

分块大小=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

1310720 inodes, 5241198 blocks

262059 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

第一个数据块=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=0

160 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000

正在写入inode表: 完成

Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

文件系统标签=

操作系统:Linux

块大小=4096 (log=2)

分块大小=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

1310720 inodes, 5241198 blocks

262059 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

第一个数据块=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=0

160 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000

正在写入inode表: 完成

Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l //检查是否格式化好了

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00044451

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2 26 157 1048576 82 Linux swap / Solaris

Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda3 157 2611 19717120 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x87a42715

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 2610 20964793+ 83 Linux

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data1 //建立挂载目录/data1

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data1 //将sdb1挂载到data1

[root@localhost ~]# df -h //查看是否挂载成功

文件系统容量已用可用已用%% 挂载点

/dev/sda3 19G 955M 17G 6% /

tmpfs 250M 0 250M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 194M 22M 163M 12% /boot

/dev/sdb1 20G 173M 19G 1% /data1 //这是刚填的磁盘

总的来说添加磁盘分为以下几步：

1.创建虚拟硬盘

1）右键单击虚拟机图标，点击settings

2）在 Hardware页点“Add...”－>Add a hard disk－>Create a new virtual disk－>SCSI(recommended)－>分配空间大小－>OK；（只是一直点next就行了，至于你要添加的大小在中间设置）

3）可以看见Hardware中出现了一块新的硬盘，点击OK就好了

2.对虚拟硬盘进行分区和格式化（在实体机中应该只要把硬盘插上去，在进行第二步就行了）

检查系统中有几块硬盘 [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

对磁盘/dev/sdb分区 [root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

创立新的分区 Command (m for help): n

保存退出 Command (m for help): w

dev/sdb1格式化为ext3 [root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1

检查是否格式化好了 [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

建立挂载目录/data1 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data1

将sdb1挂载到data1 [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data1

查看是否挂载成功 [root@localhost ~]# df -h

来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/rooster/archive/2012/11/17/2775232.html

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