How to bind a ModelExpression to a ViewComponent in ASP.NET Core?

问题

I would like to bind a model expression (such as a property) to a view component—much like I would with an HTML helper (e.g., @Html.EditorFor()) or a tag helper (e.g., <partial for />)—and reuse this model in the view with nested HTML and/or tag helpers. I am able to define a ModelExpression as a parameter on a view component, and retrieve a lot of useful metadata from it. Beyond this, I start running into roadblocks:

• How do I relay and bind to the underlying source model to e.g. an asp-for tag helper?
• How do I ensure property metadata (e.g. validation attributes) from ViewData.ModelMetadata are honored?
• How do I assemble a fully qualified HtmlFieldPrefix for the field name attribute?

I've provided a (simplified) scenario with code and outcomes below—but the code exposes more unknowns than answers. Much of the code is known to be incorrect, but I'm including it so we can have a concrete baseline to evaluate and discuss alternatives to.

Scenario

The values of a <select> list need to be populated via a data repository. Assume it is impractical or undesirable to populate the possible values as part of e.g. the original view model (see "Alternate Options" below).

Sample Code

/Components/SelectListViewComponent.cs

using system;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Rendering;

public class SelectViewComponent 
{

  private readonly IRepository _repository;

  public SelectViewComponent(IRepository repository) 
  {
    _repository = repository?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(repository));
  }

  public IViewComponentResult Invoke(ModelExpression aspFor) 
  {
    var sourceList = _repository.Get($"{aspFor.Metadata.Name}Model");
    var model = new SelectViewModel() 
    {
      Options = new SelectList(sourceList, "Id", "Name")
    };
    ViewData.TemplateInfo.HtmlFieldPrefix = ViewData.TemplateInfo.GetFullHtmlFieldName(modelMetadata.Name);
    return View(model);
  }

}

Notes

• Using ModelExpression not only allows me to call the view component with a model expression, but also gives me a lot of useful metadata via reflection such as validation parameters.
• The parameter name for is illegal in C#, since it's a reserved keyword. As such, I'm instead using aspFor, which will be exposed to the tag helper format as asp-for. This is a bit of a hack, but yields a familiar interface for developers.
• Obviously, the _repository code and logic will vary considerably with implementation. In my own use case, I actually pull the arguments from some custom attributes.
• The GetFullHtmlFieldName() doesn't construct a full HTML field name; it always returns whatever value I submit to it, which is just the model expression name. More on this under "Issues" below.

/Models/SelectViewModel.cs

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Rendering;

public class SelectViewModel {
  public SelectList Options { get; set; }
}

Notes

• Technically, in this case, I could just return the SelectList directly to the view, since it will handle the current value. However, if you bind your model to your <select>'s asp-for tag helper, then it will automatically enable multiple, which is the default behavior when binding to a collection model.

/Views/Shared/Select/Default.cshtml

@model SelectViewModel

<select asp-for=@Model asp-items="Model.Options">
  <option value="">Select one…</option>
</select>

Notes

• Technically, the value for @Model will return SelectViewModel. If this were an <input /> that would be obvious. This issue is obscured due to the SelectList identifying the correct value, presumably from the ViewData.ModelMetadata.
• I could instead set the aspFor.Model to e.g. an UnderlyingModel property on the SelectViewModel. That would result in an HTML field name of {HtmlFieldPrefix}.UnderlyingModel—and would still fail to retrieve any of the metadata (such as validation attributes) from the original property.

Variations

If I don't set the HtmlFieldPrefix, and place the view component within the context of e.g. a <partial for /> or @Html.EditorFor() then the field names will be correct, as the HtmlFieldPrefix is getting defined in a parent context. If I place it directly in a top-level view, however, I will get the following error due to the HtmlFieldPrefix not being defined:

ArgumentException: The name of an HTML field cannot be null or empty. Instead use methods Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Rendering.IHtmlHelper.Editor or Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Rendering.IHtmlHelper``1.EditorFor with a non-empty htmlFieldName argument value. (Parameter 'expression')

Issues

• The HtmlFieldPrefix doesn't get properly populated with a fully qualified value. E.g., if the model property name is Country it will always return Country, even if the actual model path is, say, ShippingAddress.Country or Addresses[2].Country.
• The jQuery Validation Unobtrusive functionality isn't firing. For instance, if the property this is bound to is marked as [Required] then that's not getting flagged here. That's presumably because it's being bound to the SelectViewModel, not the parent property.
• The original model isn't being relayed in any way to the view component's view; the SelectList is able to infer the original value from ViewData, but that is lost to the view. I could relay the aspFor.Model via the view model, but it won't have access to the original metadata (such as validation attributes).

Alternate Options

Some other options I've considered, and rejected for my use cases.

• Tag Helpers: This is easy to achieve via tag helpers. Injecting dependencies, such as a repository, into a tag helper is less elegant since there isn't a way to instantiate a tag helper via the composition root, as one can do with e.g. IViewComponentActivator.
• Controllers: In this simplified example, it is also possible to define the source collection on the top-level view model, next to the actual property (e.g., Country for the value, CountryList for the options). That may not be practical or elegant in more sophisticated examples.
• AJAX: The values could be retrieved via a JavaScript call to a web service, binding the JSON output to the <select> element on the client. I use this approach in other applications, but it's undesirable here since I don't want to expose the full range of potential query logic to a public interface.
• Explicit Values: I could explicitly relay the parent model along with the ModelExpression in order to recreate the parent context under the view component. That's a bit of a kludge, so I'd like to game out the ModelExpression approach first.

Previous Research

This question has been asked (and answered) before:

• StackOverflow.
• forums.ASP.net.

In both cases, however, the accepted answer (one by the OP) doesn't fully explore the question, and instead decides that a tag helper is more suitable for their scenarios. Tag helpers are great, and have their purpose; I'd like to fully explore the original questions, however, for the scenarios where view components are more appropriate (such as depending on an external service).

Am I chasing a rabbit down a hole? Or are there options that the community's deeper understanding of model expressions can resolve?

回答1:

To answer my own question in the negative: I ultimately came to the conclusion that while this may well be intuitive and desirable functionality in terms of our parent views, it's ultimately a confused concept in terms of our view components.

Even if you resolve the technical issue with extracting the fully-qualified HtmlFieldPrefix from ModelExpression, the deeper issue is conceptual. Presumably, the view component will assemble additional data, and relay it down to the view via a new view model—e.g., the SelectViewModel proposed in the question. Otherwise, there's no real benefit to using a view component. In the view component's view, however, there's no logical way to map properties of the child view model back to the parent view model.

So, for example, let us say that in your parent view you bind the view component to a UserViewModel.Country property:

@model UserViewModel

<vc:select asp-for="Country" />

Then, what properties do you bind to in the child view?

@model SelectViewModel

<select asp-for=@??? asp-items="Model.Options">
  <option value="">Select one…</option>
</select>

In my original question, I proposed @Model, which is similar to what you would do in e.g. an editor template called via @Html.EditorFor():

<select asp-for=@Model asp-items="Model.Options">
  <option value="">Select one…</option>
</select>

That might return the correct id and name attributes, since it's falling back to the HtmlFieldPrefix of the ViewData. But, it's not going to have access to any e.g. data validation attributes, since it's binding to a SelectViewModel and not a reference to the original UserViewModel.Country property, as it would in an editor template.

Similarly, you could relay the ModelExpression.Model down via e.g. a SelectViewModel.Model property…

<select asp-for=@Model asp-items="Model.Options">
  <option value="">Select one…</option>
</select>

…but that doesn't solve the problem either since, obviously, relaying a value doesn't relay the attributes of the source property.

Ultimately, what you want is to bind your asp-for to the original property on the original object that your ModelExpression is resolving to. And while you can get metadata from ModelExpression describing that property and object, there doesn't seem to be a way to relay a reference to it in a way that the asp-for tag helpers recognize.

Obviously, one could conceive of Microsoft building in lower-level tooling into ModelExpression and the core implementations of the asp-for tag helpers which allow relaying ModelExpression objects all the way down the line. Alternatively, they might establish a keyword—such as @ParentModel—which allows a reference to the model from the parent view. In absence of that, however, this doesn't seem feasible.

I'm not going to mark this as the answer in hopes that someone, at some point, finds something I'm missing. I wanted to leave these notes here, however, in case anyone else is trying to make this work, and to document my own conclusions.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58963949/how-to-bind-a-modelexpression-to-a-viewcomponent-in-asp-net-core